Exercise15 Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Whenyoucloseyoureyesandtrytothinkoftheshapeofyourownbody,whatyouimage(orrather,whatyoufeel)isquitedifferentfromwhatyouseewhenyouopenyoureyesandlookinthemirror.Theimageyoufeelismuchvaguerthantheoneyousee.Andifyouliestill,itisquitehardtoimagineyourselfashavinganyparticularsizeorshape. Whenyoumove,whenfeeltheweightofyourarmsandlegsandthenaturalresistanceoftheobjectsaroundyou,the“felt”imageofyourselfstartstobecomeclearer.Italmostasifitwerecreatedbyyourownactionsandthefeelingtheycause. Theimageyoucreateforyourselfhasratherstrangeproportions:certainpartsfeelmuchlargerthantheylook.Ifyougetaholeinoneofyourteeth,itfeelsenormous;youareoftensurprisedbyhowsmallitlookswhenyouinspectitinthemirror. Butalthoughthe“felt”imagemaynothavetheshapeyouseeinthemirror,itismuchmoreimportant.Itistheimagethroughwhichyourecognizeyourphysicalexistenceintheworld.Inspiteofitsproportions,itisallonepiece,andsinceithasaconsistencerightandleftandtopandbottom,itallowsyoutolocatenewfeelingswhentheyoccur.Itallowsyoutofindyournoseinthedarkandpointtoapain. Ifthefeltimageisdamagedforanyreason---ifitiscutinhalforlostitoftenisaftercertainstrokeswhichwipeoutrecognitionofoneentireside---thesetasksbecomealmostimpossible.Whatismore,itbecomeshardtomakesenseofone’sownvisualappearance.Ifonehalfofthe“felt”imageiswipeoutorinjured,thepatientstopsrecognizingtheaffectedpartofhisbody.Itishardforhimtofindthelocationoffeelingsonethatside,and,althoughhefeelsthedoctor’stouch,helocatesitasbeingontheundamagedside. 1.Inwhichofthefollowingsituationwillyoufindyourimagemostvague? A.Whenlookingintothemirror. B.Whenlyinginbedwithclosedeyes. C.Whenstanding. D.Whenwalking. 2.Whenyouconcentrateontheimageofacertainpartofyourbody,thepartwilllook______toyou. A.smallerandusual B.smallerthananyotherpartofthebody C.largerthanitreallyis D.largerthananyotherpartofthebody 3.Whyisthefeltimageimportant? A.Becauseitislargerthanthepartofthebody. B.Becauseitissmallerthanthepartofthebody. C.Becauseitreplacesallotherfeelings. D.Becauseitprovidesausefulframeworkforyourfeelings. 4.Theunderlined“thesetasks”inthelastparagraphdoesNOTmean______. A.locatingnewfeelings B.cuttingtheimageinhalf C.recognizingone’sphysicalexistenceintheworld D.pointingtoyournoseinthedark 5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage? A.One’sRealImageandFeltImage. B.One’sFeltImageIsNotReal. C.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofOne’sFeltImage. D.TheFunctionsofOne’sFeltImage. PassageTwo Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage: AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn’thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:”So,howhaveyoubeen?”Andtheboy-whocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold-replied:“Frankly,I’vebeenfeelingalittledepressedlately.” Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn’tfindoutwewere“depressed”untilwewereinhighschool. Theevidenceofachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrendon’tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto. Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists.Why? Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnate(天生的)biologicalstates,butalsoonpatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialroletoanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:traditionally,wetellsixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromfifthgraders. Inthelast30years,however,asecret-revelationmachinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision.Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately,toallviewersalike,childrenoradults.Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures. Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolveacomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedandpracticed.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials. 6.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis___________. A.asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachild B.somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchild C.aninevitablephaseofchildren’smentaldevelopment D.amentalstatepresentinallhumans,includingchildren 7.Traditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld__________. a)throughcontactwithsociety b)graduallyandunderguidance c)naturallyandbybiologicalinstinct d)throughexposuretosocialinformation 8.Thephenomenonthattoday’schildrenseemadult-likeisattributedbytheauthorto_______. A.thewidespreadinfluenceoftelevision B.thepoorarrangementofteachingcontent C.thefastpaceofhumanintellectualdevelopment D.theconstantlyrisingstandardofliving 9.Whyistheauthorinfavorofcommunicationthroughprintforchildren? A.Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation. B.Itdevelopschildren’sinterestinreadingandwriting. C.Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpracticemore. D.Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn. 10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeintoday’schildren? A.Hefeelsamusedbytheirprematurebehavior. B.Hethinksitisaphenomenonworthyofnote. C.Heconsidersitapositivedevelopment. D.Heseemstobeupsetaboutit. PassageThree Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems—andthattheyhavenosenseofhumor,atleastinparent-childrelationships. Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung. Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainmentsorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior;atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste. Sometimesyouareresistantandproud,becauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapprove,itlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcase,youareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan’twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhood,whenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents’control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself. Ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,co-operationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothers,especiallyyourparents,intodoingthingsthewaysyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiative,sothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo. 11.Theauthorisprimarilyaddressing_____. A.parentsofteenagersB.thosewhogiveadvicetoteenagers C.newspaperreadersD.teenagers 12.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout_____. A.theteenagers’criticismoftheirparents B.misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparents C.thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildren D.theteenagers’abilitytodealwithcrises 13.Teenagerstendtohavestrangeclothesandhairstylesbecausethey_____. a)wanttoshowtheirexistencebycreatingacultureoftheirown b)haveastrongdesiretobeleadersinstyleandtaste c)havenootherwaytoenjoythemselvesbetter d)wanttoirritatetheirparents 14.Teenagersdonotwanttheirparentstoapproveofwhatevertheydobecausethey_____. a)havealreadybeenacceptedintotheadultworld b)feelthattheyaresuperiorinasmallwaytotheadults c)arenotlikelytowinovertheadults d)haveadesiretobeindependent 15.Toimproveparent-childrelationships,teenagersareadvisedtobe_____. A.obedientB.responsibleC.co-operativeD.independent