分析 本题考察气体的状态方程,认为氢气为理想状态方程[tex=5.071x2.429]B8KVjEtjMVel83MgFwVi5/8MiB1VPoG2BXvp9KayOrU=[/tex]。解 (1)在10km处: [tex=15.214x1.214]K3EntpSvTM9KJS386apvkdIUu4qMTMkS4Qr7pPjTqLHm67WSUIDonaAfGeKfm/8o[/tex][tex=15.5x2.357]0H7ZgbEKg6fki9O76UW/o+eOJNWkEE6PHOxA5YszgEVvCzbzK0r9mgO+YQ6PfdZY31/5onBvXwaLaYnQMBLIywIOBsfwb6PJW+LpqsH9BaI=[/tex]在地面:[tex=16.214x1.214]At07iLU+HvLWpksjuZ9ZnlJ567y5AgXkUbAzwmuNI+0NOGBO1ogpOGvpf7FPWoKx[/tex]由[tex=5.429x2.571]nxAidMFziygKDKhOcnNbb0BHoLTYPjAcAEbBD9PlTv5iN1BXOF6C/mi+QbadKPcex9sRz9aeRYDO2IxWgWyRtA==[/tex] 即得 [tex=5.571x1.429]K5deyEABO/ALWVMR1dHjhA1d9NsWaPMhf4rGe+Pqy0M=[/tex]查课本中表1-3,在20°C ,101325Pa时,氢气密度[tex=8.286x1.571]k46gZv38ZsrTs51mbtw8orRUAxCrv1lx5MGwe+9I+NAXwfEmC4d3VsYHua+/VAls[/tex]则[tex=16.5x1.571]Fr1KXizRjJ4YVZUJNk+MyVe1ML0c2c82FFCgmJfAJZIUlG+H+weDUPRJgYML68nRap5pTDyV1Y3O0ByoPFYFtw==[/tex]由[tex=5.0x2.357]gkfggpP5IgfOH6TwjFtEmTcn4sm3qzJ1AtgcRYIZ1hziYXPMzVn+GBz5kVoYH7Mq[/tex]求得[tex=14.5x2.857]63aDcl2VR1habDqiStZCnIr0M8qdykDq8nNqupdJni6x30o784irjnt33RWuqxjWp4CkaJfqVtEXL76z75Xmg9j8z78XfzsXgJmE2RaKyDw=[/tex](2)查课本中表1-3在20°C 101325Pa时空气密度[tex=8.0x1.5]IuDEteBgRsK1Ft9TBnQY9M6xKFg60vUkn0366k81SW4G/d5q0FaVydMshJucW0Dy[/tex][tex=4.357x1.571]k46gZv38ZsrTs51mbtw8oqoi6BoBWubDkFcIhc/hH9v+FFAm1uiIQSmsSlljuLO5[/tex][tex=0.714x1.0]eRYm2Q+HsFf7uSV44obw7A==[/tex]在地面上气球符合上升条件。空气、氢气均视为理想气体则有[tex=14.214x2.786]sj7caQLUrdGHs4Yryh1uHXBHAMD+bYT2BQLx3nt0It/qEZKIHPezlNIeVl8GoE5KgJ5REhJlmGeZjvnCa1R+IfJ9oaZOp7L5XhqHEwdrIHDlgSDi4UHtEI86hbkxKNUt9OdL+BOf/lpHCoSkA36iSh+Hd/94JCsBxGKE+/d4A7dKVAnY5DqoGUTCRoxEFnvV+Vsxt7z43smU4jQQXZhoNQ==[/tex][tex=15.571x6.357]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[/tex]①同时,在同一高度[tex=6.571x3.357]GJYfMKjLkofbp2hHpywV2eTJ6BjAXD5puxIOXIlzyIbw4RSQSgvSnTNEKNSYXo7IUMlCeI5NKFIKxWUR7O/nb0u0FWheGuOCcSxGZG6A2SSXU4pCd1bCJzX+V+sZSymq3QeKLtVxQl709GtECpf0Cg==[/tex]②由①②可知 [tex=9.714x1.571]duBu/cVloBSwqmIrs8I7NriuM6olJoBv84bdlJ5fQ+Xgd22w3NSys3DMzWdiGdD3rcGwtQUPCqLpQL4RC7gj60cwu/0cEmcu3nqnko2KKYJK1OUbXWxYD4+u1v4AN9zT[/tex][br][/br][tex=0.714x1.0]eRYm2Q+HsFf7uSV44obw7A==[/tex]任何高度都符合气球上升条件。(3)由地面和30km状态列方程[tex=5.429x2.571]nxAidMFziygKDKhOcnNbb0BHoLTYPjAcAEbBD9PlTv4r21SqJzYx/xIxb5uO2vJ7VcNjjn2H/OpYcVGdmMnsTQ==[/tex]得 [tex=5.714x2.714]PAdxGyik238etEN2WBhcwPR6XQVghE5D9YV0GzGfc6C19YI2+8hX7kMLmiSP7owoqAMBneIIzg2FxlMjDa+gMQ==[/tex]代入数据 [tex=10.429x2.571]NA6dKoJ+cOTx5RBwdh8KGmTYZgcQ6AhdrViD6YFES+LktGtxZkOukJ1l7VDcYvzGuPy672aQqTfY+Eq/bC/ChzAcOqVwnHmBnkRbEPeDrWk=[/tex][tex=4.929x1.214]CLnnFxB21IjApSWnjKEO5w==[/tex][tex=0.929x1.214]Smpr1i+0lMItkt7RyvF8zQ==[/tex]大于极限直径50m,气球已经爆炸。