Thatmanmaylookverysmallandinsignificant,butdon'tjudgeabookbyitscover–he'saverypowerfulmaninhiscircle.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatoneshouldn'tprejudgetheworthorvalueofsomethingbyitsoutwardappearancealone.Isthedefinitioncorrect? A.Yes.B.No.

[]-Youcouldn’thavechosenanygiftbetterforme.-______. A: Oh,I’dchooseabetteroneforyounexttime. B: You’vehadagiftformusic,haven’tyou? C: I’mgladthatyoulikeitsomuch. D: Sorry,butdon’tblameme,dear.

WhenIwasaseniorincollege,IcamehomeforChristmasvacationandanticipatedafun-filledfortnightwithmytwobrothers.Weweresoexcitedtobetogetherandwevolunteeredtowatchthestoresothatmymotherandfathercouldtaketheirfirstdayoffinyears.ThedaybeforemyparentswenttoBoston,myfathertookmequietlyasidetothelittledenbehindthestore.Hetookoutacigarbox,openeditandshowedmealittlepileofnewspaperarticles.“Whatarethey?”Iasked.Fatherrepliedseriously,“ThesearearticlesI’vewrittenandsomeletterstotheeditorthathavebeenpublished.”AsIbegantoread,IsawatthebottomofeachneatlyclippedarticlethenameWalterChapman.“Whydidn’tyoutellmeyou’ddonethat?”Iasked.“BecauseIdidn’twantyourmothertoknow.ShehasalwaystoldmethatsinceIdidn’thavemucheducation,Ishouldn’ttrytowrite.Iwantedtorunforsomepoliticalofficealso,butshetoldmeIshouldn’ttry.Iguessshewasafraidshe’dbeembarrassedifIlost.IfiguredIcouldwritewithoutherknowingit,andsoIdid.Wheneachitemwouldbeprinted,I’dcutitoutandhideitinthisbox.IknewsomedayI’dshowtheboxtosomeone,andit’syou.”HewatchedmeasIreadoverafewofthearticlesandwhenIlookedup,hisbigblueeyesweremoist.“IguessItriedforsomethingtoobigthislasttime,”headded.“Didyouwritesomethingelse?”“Yes,Isentsomesuggestionsintoourchurchmagazineonhowthenationalnominatingcommitteecouldbeselectedmorefairly.It’sbeenthreemonthssinceIsentitin.IguessItriedforsomethingtoobig.”Thiswassuchanewsidetomyfun-lovingfatherthatIdidn’tquiteknowwhattosay,soItried,“Maybeit’llstillcome.”“Maybe,butdon’tholdyourbreath.”fathergavemealittlesmileandawinkandthenclosedthecigarbox.ThenextmorningourparentsleftonthebustotherailwaystationwheretheytookatraintoBoston.WhenIranthestorewithmytwobrothers,Ithoughtaboutthebox.I’dneverknownmyfatherlikedtowrite.Ididn’ttellmybrothers.Itwasasecretbetweenfatherandme.EarlythateveningIlookedoutthestorewindowandsawmymothergetoffthebus—alone.“Where’sDad?”Weaskedtogether.“Yourfather’sdead,”shesaidwithoutatear.ShetoldustheyhadbeenwalkingthroughtheParkStreetSubwayStationinthemidstofcrowdsofpeoplewhenfatherhadfallentothefloor.Anursebentoverhim,lookedupatmotherandsaidsimply,“He’sdead.”Motherhadstoodbyfatherstunned,notknowingwhattodoaspeopletrippedoverhimintheirrushthroughthesubway.Mothertoldustheshockingtalewithoutsheddingatear.Notshowingemotionhadalwaysbeenamatterofdisciplineandprideforher.Wedidn’tcryeitherandwetookturnswaitingonthecustomers.Onesteadypatronasked,“Where’stheoldmantonight?”“He’sdead,”Ireplied.“Oh,toobad,”andheleft.I’dneverthoughtoffatherasanoldman.He’dalwaysbeenhealthyandhappyandhe’dcaredforfrailmotherwithoutcomplainingandnowhewasgone.Nomorewhistling,nomoresinginghymnswhilestockingshelves.“Theoldman”wasgone.Onthemorningofthefuneral,IsatatthetableinthestoreopeningsympathycardsandpastingtheminascrapbookwhenInoticedthechurchmagazineinthepile.NormallyIwouldneverhaveopenedit,butmaybethatsacredarticlemightbethere—anditwas.Itookthemagazinetothelittleden,shutthedoor,andburstintotears.Ihadbeenbrave,butseeingDad’sboldrecommendationsinprintwasmorethanIcouldbear.IreadandcriedandthenIreadagain.InthemagazineIalsofoundatwo-pagelettertomyfatherfromHenryCabotLodge,Sr.,thankinghimforthecampaignsuggestions.Itookouttheboxandputtheminit.Ididn’ttellanyoneaboutthebox.

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbyfillingthecorrespondingletter. Teamspirit [A]Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganizations.Recruitmentadvertisementsroutinelycallfor“teamplayers”.Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilization,ofcourse:evenJesushad12co-workers.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,“GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”,basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon(开始）it;andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasisonteams. [B]Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy(等级体制). [C]Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidforboththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility(灵活性).JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat“wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions(过渡)，notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo.”Digitaltechnologyalsomakesiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.The“millennials”(千禧一代)whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups. [D]Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects(suchasGEandIBM)tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality(专业)andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,“TeamofTeams'GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy'shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtheinsurgentsitwasfighting:decentraliseauthoritytoself-organisingteams. [E]Agoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumponamanagementbandwagon,itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonofKelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,‘Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer—teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependentlycannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.”ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,“Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon'tcountonit.” [F]Hackman(whodiedin2013)notedthatteamsarehamperedbyproblemsofco-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyersforcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Groupthinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam'smembership,agreeingonitspurposeisharderstill. [G]Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:America’sNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew’sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse“team”asaverbratherthananoun:theyformteamsforspecificpurposesandthenquicklydisbandthem. [H]Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism(感情用事)：themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:givingintopressuretobemore“inclusive”isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeffBezos,Amazon’sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasforlunch,theteamistoobig.”Theyneedtoimmunizeteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanarguedthatthebestonescontain“deviants”(离经叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybeupsettingtoothers. [I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged”istogivethemmorecontroloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork―whichmaymeanliberatingthemfromhavingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers. [J]However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanageteamsbetter:theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarethebesttoolsforthejob.Teambuildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthatonly12%oftheexecutivestheycontactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeopleworktogetherinnetworksandonly21%feelconfidentintheirabilitytobuildcross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsofdistraction―employeesroutinelycomplainthattheycan'tgettheirworkdonebecausetheyareforcedtospendtoomuchtimeinmeetingsorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices.Evenintheageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkisbestlefttotheindividual. 1.Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotakepromptaction. 2.Decentralizationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitaryoperations. 3.Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganizationisgivingwaytoanetworkofteams. 4.Membersofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork. 5.Teamworkismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture. 6.AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongcompanies. 7.Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandtheteam'spurpose. 8.Somescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialtoworkwonders. 9.Toensureemployees'commitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmoreflexibilityastowhereandhowtheywork. 10.Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.

[音频]IhaditonaUSB______totransferit,butthestickhasvanished!我带着一个U盘用来转存文件（it），但是U盘不见了！RightAnna,nowisyourchancetohelpthemfindsolutionstotheproblem.好的，安娜，现在是你帮他们找到问题解决办法的机会。You'llneedphraseslike:CanImakeasuggestion?你需要像这样表达：我能提个建议吗？Whydon'tyou...?Haveyoutried...?Maybewecould...?Howabout...?Ihaveanidea!为什么你不……？你有没有试过……？也许我们可以……？……怎么样？我有一个主意！Butdon'tyouhaveitsavedonyourcomputer?No,itwastakingupalotofspace,soIdeletedit.但是你没有在电脑上保存吗？没有，它太占空间了，所以我删了。Soyouhavelosttheonlycopywehave.Yes.Whatidiots!I'veneverseensucha_______office.所以你把我们最后的备份丢了。是的。真是个笨蛋！我从没见过这么杂乱无章的办公室。Goon,you'dbetterhelpthem,Anna.CanImakeasuggestion?Yes,pleasedo!去吧，你最好帮帮他们，安娜。我能提个建议吗？好的，请说吧！Whydon'tyoutrylookinginyour_______bin?Itmightstillbethere.Idid.Itisn't.为什么你不看看你的回收站？也许在那里。我看了，没有。Haveyoutriedaskingyourcolleaguesifthey'veseenthememorystick?Idid.Theyhaven't.你有没有问过你的同事看见U盘了吗？我问了，他们没看到。Howaboutlookingthroughyourrubbishbintoseeifyouthrewitawaybymistake?翻翻你的垃圾桶怎么样，看看你是不是不小心给扔了？Idon'tdosillythingslikethat!Allvery_______suggestionsAnna,thankyou.我才不会做这种蠢事！谢谢你这些明智的建议，安娜。MaybeIcoulddoabigofficesearchforyou?I'mgoodatfindingthings.也许我可以在办公室给你找找？我很擅长找东西。Thereare_______documentsinthisoffice–nonstaffarenotallowedtoseethem.办公室里都是机密文件，非公司员工不能看。Now,nowDenise.Whydon'tyoudrinkupthatnicetea?Ihaveanidea!Didyoueveremailthepresentationtoanyone?现在，丹尼斯，你为什么不把这杯美味的茶喝完？我有一个主意！你给别人用邮件发过这个幻灯片演示吗？Gollygosh,youdidDenise!Youemailedittometo_______read.It'llbeinmyinboxsomewhere.天啊，你做过，丹尼斯！你发给我校对过。它可能还在我的收件箱里。