Phrases ontheheelsoffittogetherforthefirsttimeadropinthebucketfeedonfitintounderthesurfaceoflearnaboutfromthebeginninginitsentiretyprovideforforthebenefitofdiefromasyet 1.Shetheteamverywell. 2.Thegovernmentissendingathousandtonsoffood,butthat’sjustcomparedtowhat’sneeded. 3.Wecouldseefishswimmingjustthewater. 4.Batsflyatnightandinsectsandfruit. 5.Idon’tseehowtheideasandfactsinyourtheory. 6.Naturally,youwerekeyedupwhenyouwentontheplatform. 7.Themovieshouldbeshown,ornotatall. 8.Theeconomiccrisisalsocomesfoodandfuelcrisis. 9.Internationalspacecooperationistopeacefullydevelopandusespaceresourcesallmankind. 10.Hebelievedthatinterestrateswillgoupagainsoon. 11.Elainewouldnotletherboyfriendher. 12.Wehavegotsomanyquestions,butnoanswers. 13.Weneedtodifferentculturesandmakefriendswithpeoplefromothercultures. 14.“Iamabouttotheheat!”herbrotherhollersdownthehall.

U2Viewing&Listening_s1.wmvU2Viewing&Listening_s3.wmvU2Viewing&Listening_s2.wmvU2Viewing&Listening_s4.wmvU2Viewing&Listening_s5.wmvU2Viewing&Listening_s6.wmvSegment1“She’sa1kid.I’vealwaysbeen2ofher.Youknow,it’salittle3tolethergoofftocollege.”Segment2“Idon’twantto4yourfeelings,butI’mlike,I’mready.I’mready,Imean,I’m5forthis.Youknow,I’vebeenwaitingforittohappen,soI’mreadytobe6,butI’mgoingto7yourfood.”Segment3“Iam8ascanbeforLouisa.ShesodeservestobeinNewYorkcityatNYU,righthere.Icouldn’tbe9forher.”Segment4“10momentforus,forallofourfamily,youknow.”Segment5“It’sabig11forher,sowe’rethrilledthatshe’smadeit.We’regoingto12herlikecrazy,butthat’sokay.It’sa13adventure.So14,soproud.”Segment6“Forme,itis15.Asaparent,youhavechildren,youwonderwhat’sgoingtotakeplace.Andnowthefactthatheisherenowandisinoneofthe16schoolsinthenation.Hisfuture,I’mnot17about,(be)causethepotentialissogreat.”

长篇阅读Passage2IsCollegeaWorthyInvestment?A)Whyarewespendingsomuchmoneyoncollege?Andwhyarewesounhappyaboutit?Weallseemtoagreethatacollegeeducationiswonderful,andyetstrangelyweworrywhenweseefamiliesinvestingsomuchinthissupposedlyessentialgood.Maybeit’stimetoaskaquestionthatseemsalmostsacrilegious(大不敬的):isallthisinvestmentincollegeeducationreallyworthit?B)Theanswer,Ifear,isno.Foranincreasingnumberofkids,theextratimeandmoneyspentpursuingacollegediplomawillleavethemworseoffthantheywerebeforetheysetfootoncampus.C)Formyentireadultlife,agoodeducationhasbeenthemostimportantthingformiddle-classhouseholds.Myparentsspentmoreeducatingmysisterandmethantheyspentontheirhouse,andthey’renottheonlyones...and,ofcourse,foranincreasingnumberoffamilies,mostofthecostoftheirhouseisactuallythecostoflivinginagoodschooldistrict.Questioningthevalueofacollegeeducationseemsabitlikequestioningthevalueofhappiness,orfun.D)Theaveragepriceofallgoodsandserviceshasrisenabout50percent.Butthepriceofacollegeeducationhasnearlydoubledinthattime.Istheeducationthattoday’sstudentsaregettingtwiceasgood?Arenewworkerstwiceassmart?Havetheybecomesomehowmassivelymoreexpensivetoeducate?E)Perhapsabit.RichardVedder,anOhioUniversityeconomicsprofessor,says,“Ilookatthedata,andIseecollegecostsrisingfasterthaninflationuptothemid-1980sby1percentayear.NowIseethemrising3to4percentayearoverinflation.Whathashappened?Thefederalgovernmenthasstarteddroppingmoneyoutofairplanes.”Aidhasincreased,subsidized(补贴的)loanshavebecomeavailable,and“theuniversitieshavegottenthemoney.”EconomistBryanCaplan,whoiswritingabookabouteducation,agrees:“It’sagiantwasteofresourcesthatwillcontinueaslongasthesubsidiescontinue.”F)Promotionalliteratureforcollegesandstudentloansoftenspeaksofdebtasan“investmentinyourself.”Butaninvestmentissupposedtogenerateincometopayofftheloans.Morethanhalfofallrecentgraduatesareunemployedorinjobsthatdonotrequireadegree,andtheamountofstudent-loandebtcarriedbyhouseholdshasincreasedmorethanfivetimessince1999.Thesegraduatesweretoldthatadiplomawasalltheyneededtosucceed,butitwon’tevengetthemoutofthesparebedroomatMomandDad’s.Formany,themostvisibleresultoftheirfouryearsistheloanpayments,whichnowaveragehundredsofdollarsamonthonloanbalancesinthetensofthousands.G)It’strueaboutthemoney—sortof.Collegegraduatesnowmake80percentmorethanpeoplewhohaveonlyahigh-schooldiploma,andthoughtherearenopreciseestimates,thewagepremium(高出的部分)foranoutstandingschoolseemstobeevenhigher.Butthat’snottrueofeverystudent.It’sveryeasytospendfouryearsmajoringinEnglishliteratureandcomeoutnomoreemployablethanyouwerebeforeyouwentin.Conversely,chemicalengineersstraightoutofschoolcaneasilymakealmostfourtimesthewagesofanentry-levelhigh-schoolgraduate.H)JamesHeckman,theNobelPrize-winningeconomist,hasexaminedhowthereturnsoneducationbreakdownforindividualswithdifferentbackgroundsandlevelsofability.“Evenwiththesehighprices,you’restillfindingahighreturnforindividualswhoarebrightandmotivated,”hesays.Ontheotherhand,“ifyou’renotcollegeready,thentheanswerisno,it’snotworthit.”Expertstendtoagreethatfortheaveragestudent,collegeisstillworthittoday,buttheyalsoagreethattherapidincreaseinpriceiseatingupmoreandmoreofthepotentialreturn.Forborderlinestudents,tuition(学费)risecanpushthosereturnsintonegativeterritory.I)Everyoneseemstoagreethatthegovernment,andparents,shouldberethinkinghowweinvestinhighereducation—andthatemployersneedtorethinktheincreasinguseofcollegedegreesascrudescreeningtoolsforjobsthatdon’treallyrequirecollegeskills.“Employersseeingasurplusofcollegegraduatesandlookingtofilljobsarejustaddingthatrequirement,”saysVedder.“Infact,acollegedegreebecomesajobrequirementforbecomingabar-tender.”J)Wehavestartedtoseesomechangeonthefinanceside.Alawpassedin2007allowsmanystudentstocaptheirloanpaymentat10percentoftheirincomeandforgivesanybalanceafter25years.Butofcourse,thatdoesn’tcontrolthecostofeducation;itjustshiftsittotaxpayers.Italsoencouragesgraduatestochooselower-payingcareers,whichreducesthefinancialreturntoeducationstillfurther.“You’resubsidizingpeopletobecomepriestsandpoetsandsoforth,”saysHeckman.“Youmaythinkthat’sagoodthing,oryoumaynot.”Eitherwayitwillbeexpensiveforthegovernment.K)Whatmightbealotcheaperisputtingmorekidstowork.Caplannotesthatworkalsobuildsvaluableskills—probablymorevaluableforkidswhodon’tnaturallylovesittinginaclassroom.Heckmanagreeswholeheartedly:“Peoplearedifferent,andthoseabilitiescanbeshaped.That’swhatwe’velearned,andpublicpolicyshouldrecognizethat.”L)Heckmanwouldliketoseemoreapprenticeship-style(学徒式)programs,wherekidscanlearnintheworkplace—learnnotjustspecificjobskills,butthekindof“softskills,”likegettingtoworkontimeandgettingalongwithateam,thatarecrucialforcareersuccess.“It’sabouthavingmentors(指导者)andhavingworkplace-basededucation,”hesays.“TimeandagainI’veseenexamplesofthiskindofprogramworking.”M)Ah,buthowdowegettherefromhere?Withbetterpublicpolicy,hopefully,butalsobymakingbetterindividualdecisions.“Historicallymarketshavebeenabletohandlethesethings,”saysVedder,“andIthinkeventuallymarketswillhandlethisone.Ifitdoesn’timprovesoon,peoplearegoingtowakeupandask,‘WhyamIgoingtocollege?’”1.Caplansuggeststhatkidswhodon’tloveschoolgotowork.2.Anincreasingnumberoffamiliesspendmoremoneyonhousesinagoodschooldistrict.3.Subsidizedloanstocollegestudentsareahugewasteofmoney,accordingtooneeconomist.4.Moreandmorekidsfindtheyfareworsewithacollegediploma.5.Forthosewhoarenotpreparedforhighereducation,goingtocollegeisnotworthit.6.Overtheyearsthecostofacollegeeducationhasincreasedalmostby100%.7.Alawpassedrecentlyallowsmanystudentstopaynomorethanonetenthoftheirincomefortheircollegeloans.8.Middle-classAmericanshavehighlyvaluedagoodeducation.9.Morekidsshouldbeencouragedtoparticipateinprogramswheretheycanlearnnotonlyjobskillsbutalsosocialskills.10.Overfiftypercentofrecentcollegegraduatesremainunemployedorunabletofindasuitablejob.

Ahandfulofpeoplecanrecallalmosteverydayoftheirlivesinenormousdetail一andafteryearsofresearch，neuroscientistsarefinallybeginningtounderstandhowtheydoit.A)Formostofus,memoryisamessofblurredandfadedpicturesofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclingontoourpast,eventhesaddestmomentscanbewashedawaywithtime.B)AskNimaVeisehwhathewasdoingforanydayinthepast15years,however,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork.'Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping,'heexplains.C)Veisehcanevenputadateonwhenthosetapesstartedrecording:15December2000,whenhemethisfirstgirlfriendathisbestfriend's16thbirthdayparty.Hehadalwayshadagoodmemory,butthethrillofyoungloveseemstohaveshiftedagearinhismind:fromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinghiswholelifeindetail.'Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat.'D)Needlesstosay,peoplelikeVeisehareofgreatinteresttoneuroscientists（神经科学专家）hopingtounderstandthewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople'sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity.E)'Highlysuperiorautobiographicalmemory'(orHSAMforshort),firstcametolightintheearly2000s,withayoungwomannamedJillPrice.EmailingtheneuroscientistandmemoryresearcherJimMcGaughoneday,sheclaimedthatshecouldrecalleverydayofherlifesincetheageof12.Couldhehelpexplainherexperiences?F)McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.G)Itdidn'ttakelongformagazinesanddocumentaryfilm-makerstocometounderstandher'totalrecall',andthankstothesubsequentmediainterest,afewdozenothersubjects(includingVeiseh)havesincecomeforwardandcontactedtheteamattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine.H)Interestingly,theirmemoriesarehighlyself-centred:althoughtheycanremember'autobiographical'lifeeventsinextraordinarydetail,theyseemtobenobetterthanaverageatrecallingimpersonalinformation,suchasrandom（任意选取的）listsofwords.Noraretheynecessarilybetteratrememberingaroundofdrinks,say.Andalthoughtheirmemoriesarevast,theyarestilllikelytosufferfrom'falsememories'.Clearly,thereisnosuchthingasa'perfect'memory—theirextraordinarymindsarestillusingthesameflawedtoolsthattherestofusrelyon.Thequestionis,how?I)LawrencePatihisattheUniversityofSouthernMississippirecentlystudiedaround20peoplewithHSAMandfoundthattheyscoredparticularlyhighontwomeasures:fantasyproneness(倾向）andabsorption.Fantasypronenesscouldbeconsideredatendencytoimagineanddaydream,whereasabsorptionisthetendencytoallowyourmindtobecomefullyabsorbedinanactivity—topaycompleteattentiontothesensations(感受）andtheexperiences.'I'mextremelysensitivetosounds,smellsandvisualdetail,'explainsNicoleDonohue,whohastakenpartinmanyofthesestudies.'Idefinitelyfeelthingsmorestronglythantheaverageperson.'J)Theabsorptionhelpsthemtoestablishstrongfoundationsforrecollection,saysPatihis,andthefantasypronenessmeansthattheyrevisitthosememoriesagainandagaininthecomingweeksandmonths.Eachtimethisinitialmemorytraceis'replayed',itbecomesevenstronger.Insomeways,youprobablygothroughthatprocessafterabigeventlikeyourweddingday—butthedifferenceisthatthankstotheirotherpsychologicaltendencies,theHSAMsubjectsaredoingitdayin,dayout,forthewholeoftheirlives.K)NoteveryonewithatendencytofantasisewilldevelopHSAM,though,soPatihissuggeststhatsomethingmusthavecausedthemtothinksomuchabouttheirpast.'Maybesomeexperienceintheirchildhoodmeantthattheybecameobsessed(着迷）withcalendarsandwhathappenedtothem,'saysPatihis.L)ThepeoplewithHSAMI'veinterviewedwouldcertainlyagreethatitcanbeamixedblessing.Ontheplusside,itallowsyoutorelivethemosttransformativeandenrichingexperiences.Veiseh,forinstance,travelledalotinhisyouth.Inhissparetime,hevisitedthelocalartgalleries,andthepaintingsarenowlodgeddeepinhisautobiographicalmemories.M)'Imaginebeingabletoremembereverypainting,oneverywall,ineverygalleryspace,betweennearly40countries,'hesays.'That'sabigeducationinartbyitself.'Withthiscomprehensiveknowledgeofthehistoryofart,hehassincebecomeaprofessionalpainter.N)Donohue,nowahistoryteacher,agreesthatithelpedduringcertainpartsofhereducation:'IcandefinitelyrememberwhatIlearnedoncertaindaysatschool.Icouldimaginewhattheteacherwassayingorwhatitlookedlikeinthebook.'O)NoteveryonewithHSAMhasexperiencedthesebenefits，however.Viewingthepastinhighdefinitioncanmakeitverydifficulttogetoverpainandregret.'Itcanbeveryhardtoforgetembarrassingmoments,'saysDonohue.'Youfeelthesameemotions—itisjustasraw,justasfresh...Youcan'tturnoffthatstreamofmemories,nomatterhowhardyoutry.'Veisehagrees:'Itislikehavingtheseopenwounds—theyarejustapartofyou,'hesays.P)Thismeanstheyoftenhavetomakeaspecialefforttolaythepasttorest.Bill,forinstance,oftengetspainful'flashbacks',inwhichunwantedmemoriesintrudeintohisconsciousness,butoverallhehaschosentoseeitasthebestwayofavoidingrepeatingthesamemistakes.'Somepeopleareabsorbedinthepastbutnotopentonewmemories,butthat'snotthecaseforme.Ilookforwardtoeachdayandexperiencingsomethingnew.'36.PeoplewithHSAMhavethesamememoryasordinarypeoplewhenitcomestoimpersonalinformation.37.FantasypronenesswillnotnecessarilycausepeopletodevelopHSAM.38.Veisehbegantorememberthedetailsofhiseverydayexperiencesafterhemethisfirstyounglove.39.ManymorepeoplewithHSAMstartedtocontactresearchersduetothemassmedia.40.PeoplewithHSAMoftenhavetomakeeffortstoavoidfocusingonthepast.41.Mostpeopledonothaveclearmemoriesofpastevents.42.HSAMcanbebothacurseandablessing.43.Ayoungwomansoughtexplanationfromabrainscientistwhenshenoticedherunusualmemory.44.SomepeoplewithHSAMfinditveryhardtogetridofunpleasantmemories.45.ArecentstudyofpeoplewithHSAMrevealsthattheyareliabletofantasyandfullabsorptioninanactivity.