Passage9
EvolutionoftheSharkTheshark,whateverelseitmightbe,isalmostuniquelysuccessful.Accordingtofossilevidence,theearliestshark-likecreaturesprowledtheworld’soceans450millionyearsago—longbeforetheageofdinosaurs.Comparedtothis,man’sspanofacoupleofmillionyearsisamereflashofatigershark’stail.
Evolutionisthegrindinglyslowprocesswhichrewardssuccessby“survivalofthefittest”.Organismsbestsuitedtoexploittheirenvironmentsurvivetobreed,producingmorelikethemselves.Thoselesssuitedtotheirsurroundingsfailtoprosperandsimplydieout.Ifanenvironmentchanges,whichmaymeanchangesinpredators*orfoodsupply,aswellasphysicalsurroundings,aspeciesmayneedtoadaptifitistosurvive.
Whathappensinpracticeisthatoneormoreofthemyriadtinydifferencesthatoccurnaturallyinapopulationbecomeanadvantageordisadvantage.Ifthecharacteristicisanasset,thecreaturepossessingitismorelikelytosurviveandpassitontothenextgeneration.Ifitisnot,theindividual,andthecharacteristic,aremorelikelytodieout.Humans,forinstance,althoughallpartofthesamespecies,comeinmanyshapesandsizes.Althoughmodemman’scapacitytochangehisenvironmenthasreducedhisneedtoadapttoit,someofthesecouldbecomemoreorlessadvantageousifoursurroundingsweretochange.
Althoughtheshark’senvironment,thesea,hasprobablybeenmoreconstantthantheone-thirdoftheglobethatisland,sharks,too,haveundergoneinnumerablechangesoverthemillennia.AsNatureexperimentedtofindherperfectfish,thereweremanysuccessesbutprobablymanymoredeadends.Someofthesearepreservedinlayersofancientrock,the“fossilrecord”,fromwherepaleontologists**laterunearththem.
*predator：捕食其他动物为生的动物
**paleontologist：古动物学家
(2005年5月试题)
Evolutionisthegrindinglyslowprocesswhichrewardssuccessby“survivalofthefittest”.Organismsbestsuitedtoexploittheirenvironmentsurvivetobreed,producingmorelikethemselves.Thoselesssuitedtotheirsurroundingsfailtoprosperandsimplydieout.Ifanenvironmentchanges,whichmaymeanchangesinpredators*orfoodsupply,aswellasphysicalsurroundings,aspeciesmayneedtoadaptifitistosurvive.
Whathappensinpracticeisthatoneormoreofthemyriadtinydifferencesthatoccurnaturallyinapopulationbecomeanadvantageordisadvantage.Ifthecharacteristicisanasset,thecreaturepossessingitismorelikelytosurviveandpassitontothenextgeneration.Ifitisnot,theindividual,andthecharacteristic,aremorelikelytodieout.Humans,forinstance,althoughallpartofthesamespecies,comeinmanyshapesandsizes.Althoughmodemman’scapacitytochangehisenvironmenthasreducedhisneedtoadapttoit,someofthesecouldbecomemoreorlessadvantageousifoursurroundingsweretochange.
Althoughtheshark’senvironment,thesea,hasprobablybeenmoreconstantthantheone-thirdoftheglobethatisland,sharks,too,haveundergoneinnumerablechangesoverthemillennia.AsNatureexperimentedtofindherperfectfish,thereweremanysuccessesbutprobablymanymoredeadends.Someofthesearepreservedinlayersofancientrock,the“fossilrecord”,fromwherepaleontologists**laterunearththem.
*predator：捕食其他动物为生的动物
**paleontologist：古动物学家
举一反三
- <spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Passage4</span>●Readthememoandtherequestbelow.<br/>●Completetheformonthefollowingpage.<br/>●Writeaword,phraseornumberinspaces41-45onyourbook.<br/>Memo<br/>To:CharlesMurphy@yahoo.com<br/>From:RobertJames@sohu.com<br/>Subject:BooksNotDelivered<br/>Message:<br/>April8,2005<br/>Charles,<br/>YouweregoingtosendthebooksonInternationalTradeandMulti-culturalCommunicationtomebyyesterday.Theyhavenotarrived.PleasegetintouchwithmeASAP.Weneedthesebooksfortomorrowafternoon’smeeting.<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:right;">Thanks,</span><br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:right;">Rnbert</span><br/>ARequestfortheBooksOrdered<br/>Thepersonwhoreceivedthemessage:(41)______<br/>Whathappened:(42)______<br/>Whenwerethebooksduetoarrive:(43)______<br/>Thenameofthebook:(44)______<br/>Whenwillthebookbeused:(45)______
- 比较下列郑愁予两首诗歌的特色。[首都师范大学2010年研]<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">媳妇</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">媳妇儿的家曾是昔日的花轿</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">颤栗了门深柳枝垂的巷子</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">苇帘卷著空堂约好燕燕的佳期</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">是一叠唱片样转而不眩的下午</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">啊燕燕一圈呢语一圈笑</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">而雪披的远山仍是旧岁的寒衣</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">仍在多上坡的云脊……</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">翼的路子无消息</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">无奈梅香总趁曰斜时候</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">推衾欲起的媳妇便帐然仰首</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">呀未粘好的风筝犹搁案头……</span><br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">错误</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">我打江南走过</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">那等在季节里的容颜如莲花的开落</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">东风不来，三月的柳絮不飞</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">你的心如小小寂寞的城</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">恰若青石的街道向晚</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">跫音不响，三月的春帷不揭</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">你的心是小小的窗扉紧掩</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">我达达的马蹄是美丽的错误</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">我不是归人，是个过客……</span>
- 比较下列郑愁予两首诗歌的特色。[首都师范大学2010年研]<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">媳妇</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">媳妇儿的家曾是昔日的花轿</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">颤栗了门深柳枝垂的巷子</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">苇帘卷著空堂约好燕燕的佳期</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">是一叠唱片样转而不眩的下午</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">啊燕燕一圈昵语一圈笑</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">而雪披的远山仍是旧岁的寒衣</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">仍在多上坡的云脊……</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">翼的路了无消息</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">无奈梅香总趁日斜时候</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">推衾欲起的媳妇便帐然仰首</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">呀未粘好的风筝犹搁案头……</span><br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">错误</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">我打江南走过</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">那等在季节里的容颜如莲花的开落</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">东风不来，三月的柳絮不飞</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">你底心如小小寂寞的城</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">恰若青石的街道向晚</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">跫音不响，三月的春帷不揭</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">你底心是小小的窗扉紧掩</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">我达达的马蹄是美丽的错误</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">我不是归人，是个过客……</span>
- 试析戴望舒的《萧红墓畔口占》。[首都师范大学2012年研]<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">走六小时寂寞的长途，</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">到你头边放一束红山茶，</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">我等待着，长夜漫漫，</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">你却卧听着海涛闲话。</span>
- <spanstyle='text-align:center;display:block'>OnNotWinningtheNobelPrize(Excerpt)</span><spanstyle='text-align:center;display:block'>ByDorisLessing</span>Wehaveatreasure-houseofliterature,goingbacktotheEgyptians,theGreeks,theRomans.Itisallthere.Thiswealthofliterature,tobediscoveredagainandagainbywhoeverisluckyenoughtocomeuponit.Atreasure.Supposeitdidnotexist.Howimpoverished,howemptywewouldbe.<br/>Weownalegacyoflanguages,poems,histories,anditisnotonethatwilleverbeexhausted.Itisthere,always.<br/>Wehaveabequestofstories.talesfromtheoldstorytellers,someofwhosenamesweknow,butsomenotThestorytellersgobackandback,toaclearingintheforestwhereagreatfireburns,andtheoldshamansdanceandsing,forourheritageofstoriesbeganinfire,magic,thespiritworld.Andthatiswhereitisheld,today.<br/>Thestorytellerisdeepinsideeveryoneofus.Thestory-makeralwayswithus.Letussupposeourworldisravagedbywar,bythehorrorsthatweallofuseasilyimagine.Letussupposefloodswashthroughourcities,theseasrise.Butthestorytellerwillbethere,foritisourimaginationswhichshapesus,keepus,createus-forgoodandforill.Itisourstoriesthatwillrecreateus,whenwearetorn,hurtevendestroyed.Itisthestoryteller,thedream-maker,themyth-maker,thatisourphoenix,whichrepresentsusatourbest,andatourmostcreative.