The following is a synonym of autotrophs A: Primary producer B: Consumer C: Heterotroph D: Predator

Passage9<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">EvolutionoftheShark</span>Theshark,whateverelseitmightbe,isalmostuniquelysuccessful.Accordingtofossilevidence,theearliestshark-likecreaturesprowledtheworld’soceans450millionyearsago—longbeforetheageofdinosaurs.Comparedtothis,man’sspanofacoupleofmillionyearsisamereflashofatigershark’stail.<br/>Evolutionisthegrindinglyslowprocesswhichrewardssuccessby“survivalofthefittest”.Organismsbestsuitedtoexploittheirenvironmentsurvivetobreed,producingmorelikethemselves.Thoselesssuitedtotheirsurroundingsfailtoprosperandsimplydieout.Ifanenvironmentchanges,whichmaymeanchangesinpredators*orfoodsupply,aswellasphysicalsurroundings,aspeciesmayneedtoadaptifitistosurvive.<br/>Whathappensinpracticeisthatoneormoreofthemyriadtinydifferencesthatoccurnaturallyinapopulationbecomeanadvantageordisadvantage.Ifthecharacteristicisanasset,thecreaturepossessingitismorelikelytosurviveandpassitontothenextgeneration.Ifitisnot,theindividual,andthecharacteristic,aremorelikelytodieout.Humans,forinstance,althoughallpartofthesamespecies,comeinmanyshapesandsizes.Althoughmodemman’scapacitytochangehisenvironmenthasreducedhisneedtoadapttoit,someofthesecouldbecomemoreorlessadvantageousifoursurroundingsweretochange.<br/>Althoughtheshark’senvironment,thesea,hasprobablybeenmoreconstantthantheone-thirdoftheglobethatisland,sharks,too,haveundergoneinnumerablechangesoverthemillennia.AsNatureexperimentedtofindherperfectfish,thereweremanysuccessesbutprobablymanymoredeadends.Someofthesearepreservedinlayersofancientrock,the“fossilrecord”,fromwherepaleontologists**laterunearththem.<br/>*predator：捕食其他动物为生的动物<br/>**paleontologist：古动物学家<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:right;">(2005年5月试题)</span>