The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in ____. A: the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons B: the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords C: the Queen, the House of Commons D: the Queen, the House of Lords

Cabinet members are chosen by ________ in Britain. A: the monarch B: the Prime Ministe C: the Archbishop D: the Lord Chancello

在早期基督教会中，基督教神职人员通过授秩礼而被授予的职阶主要有：（ ） A: 主教（bishop） B: 神父/司铎（priest） C: 大主教（archbishop） D: 宗主教（patriarch）

中国大学MOOC: 10.London BridgeLondon Bridge is not the one you’re probably thinking of, that’s Tower Bridge. London Bridge is actually pretty subtle as far as London’s bridges go, it’s low slung（吊挂） and there are no fancy towers. But there’s always been a bridge between Southwark and the City of London dating back as far as the Romans.Between Southwark and the City of London on the north shore the river estuary is much shallower so this was a natural place for the Romans to build a bridge to consolidate their new city, Londinium, which was where the City of London is now. When London declined after the Romans left, the river went back to being a natural border between the Anglo Saxon regions of Mercia and Wessex.A stone bridge was erected in the 12th century – it took 33 years to build and had a chapel （小教堂）dedicated to Thomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury, placed in the centre. It was from here that pilgrims would set off for Canterbury cathedral. Originally it would have had a drawbridge（开合桥） to let ships through and shops existed on the bridge, which caught fire several times before the Great Fire of London. Several parts of the bridge collapsed over the years, leading to the famous nursery rhyme, “London Bridge is Falling Down”.“London Bridge is Falling Down”is a popular English nursery rhyme. The origins of rhyme likely date back to the Middle Ages or beyond, the song really became popular in the mid 18th century, when the lyrics were first printed in the form we know today. There are many different versions found throughout the world. The most common American version of the rhyme goes a little something like this: London Bridge is falling down,Falling down, falling down.London Bridge is falling down,My fair lady. By the 16th century, structures shot up from the bridge seven stories high and crossing it in peak periods could take an hour. It was crowded, dangerous and smelly. Traitors and outlaws’ heads would be put on pikes at either end.In 1799 the King decided to replace the ancient bridge and hosted a competition for new designs. Built by John Rennie the new bridge was opened in 1831 by King William IV but by 1896 it was back to being the most congested place in London, with over 8,000 pedestrians using it per hour. Thirty years later it started to sink.The bridge was sold to an American in 1968 for $2,460,000 who moved it piece by piece to Arizona and had it rebuilt. Today’s low key London Bridge was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1983 and uses pre-stressed concrete girders.20.According to this passage, London Bridge may give readers the impressions except _____.

PASSGE TWO(1) Yousuf Karsh, the Canadian portrait artist who photographed many of the most influential figures of the 20th century, died in a Boston hospital on July 13, 2002, after complications following surgery. He was 93.(2) Working from a studio in Ottawa, Karsh produced famous portraits of such subjects as Winston Churchill, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro, Ernest Hemingway and Albert Einstein. Actually he has become almost as famous as his legendary subjects. In the latest edition of Who’s Who, which listed the most notable people of the last century, Karsh was the only Canadian of the 100 famous people listed―51 of whom Karsh had photographed.(3) Karsh was praised as a master portraitist, often working in black and white, influenced by great painters of the past. He was famous for talking to his subjects as he was getting the shot’s composition just right, asking them questions and putting them at ease. He confesses that he continues to feel more challenged when "portraying true greatness adequately with my camera." In preparation, he reads as much as he can about the person before the sitting, but avoids having a preconceived idea of how he would photograph the subject. Rather he seeks, as he wrote in Karsh Portfolio in 1967, to capture the "essential element which has made them great," explaining, "All I know is that within every man and woman a secret is hidden, and as a photographer it is my task to reveal it if I can. In that fleeting interval of opportunity the photographer must act or lose his prize."(4) Yousuf Karsh was born in Armenia in 1908 and grew up under the horrors of the Armenian massacres. His photographer uncle, George Nakash, brought him to Canada in 1924 and sent him to Boston in 1928 to apprentice with John Garo, an outstanding photographer. He not only taught Karsh the technical processes used by photographic artists of the period but also prepared him to think for himself and evolve his own distinctive interpretations.(5) Four years later, he set up his studio in Ottawa. In December of 1941, his memorable portrait of a glowering, defiant Winston Churchill, which symbolized Britain’s indomitable wartime courage, brought Karsh into international prominence. Canada’s Prime Minister Mackenzie King arranged for Karsh to photograph Churchill following Churchill’s speech in the House of Commons. Not forewarned, Churchill lit up a cigar and growled, "Why was I not told of this?" but consented to a brief session. Karsh asked him to remove the cigar and, when he didn’t, stepped forward and gently removed it with the comment, "Forgive me, Sir." Churchill glowered as the shot was taken, then permitted Karsh to take still another, jokingly commenting, "You can even make a roaring lion stand still to be photographed." The Churchill portrait has since appeared in publications and on commemorative stamps all over the world.(6) Karsh traveled to London in 1943 with his portable studio―an 8×10 view camera and many studio lamps to photograph such notables as George Bernard Shaw, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the royal family. All these portraits illustrate Karsh’s ability to capture the essence of his sitter.26. According to the passage, Yousuf Karsh is a/an ( ). A: American B: Canadian C: British D: Armenian