At which of these sites is the osmolality lowest (lowest concentration)? A: glomerular capillary B: proximal tubule C: bottom of the loop of Henle D: initial section of the distal tubule E: collecting duct

是否出现肾性糖尿主要取决于 A: 肾小球功能 B: 近端肾小管功能 C: Henle功能 D: 远端肾小管功能 E: 肾间质状态

是否出现肾性糖尿主要取决于（）。 A: B: 肾小球功能 C: D: 近端肾小管功能 E: F: Henle袢功能 G: H: 远端肾小管功能

Which one is the main step about the process of urine formation? () A: glomerular filtration B: reabsorption in proximal convoluted tube C: reabsorption in the loop of Henle D: reabsorption in distal convoluted tube E: tubular secretion

Thiazides<br/>and related agents () act on () A: the thick ascending limb of the Henle’s loop B: the proximal convoluted tubule C: the distal convoluted tubule D: the collecting duct E: the late distal tubule and collecting duct

A1型题 黄斑区Henle纤维呈放射状排列与下列哪种疾病形成有关（）。 A: 黄斑前膜 B: 黄斑裂孔 C: 黄斑变性 D: 黄斑囊样水肿 E: 中浆

The right descriptions about neuroregulation of urine formation are that () A: the renal innervation is controlled by sympathetic nerves B: the transmitter is NE C: NE acts on α receppor and afferent arterioles contract, so GFR↓ D: NE acts on β receppor in juxtaglomerular cells, so renin↑ E: reabsorption<br/>of NaCl and water in the proximal tubules and loop of Henle increase

The wrong description about neuroregulation of urine formation is that () A: the renal innervation is controlled by sympathetic nerves B: the transmitter is E C: NE acts on α receppor and afferent arterioles contract, so GFR↓ D: NE acts on β receppor in juxtaglomerular cells, so renin<br/>increase E: reabsorption of<br/>NaCl and water in the proximal tubules and loop of Henle increase

下列关于袢利尿药的叙述，正确的有（） A: 特异性地抑制分布在Henle袢升支管腔膜侧的Na-K-2Cl同向协同转运体，减少了Na、Cl的再吸收 B: 长期应用可产生低镁血症 C: 较少发生低血钙 D: 对肾血管具扩张作用 E: 可扩张小静脉，减轻心脏负荷

下列关于袢利尿药的叙述，正确的有（） A: 特异性地抑制分布在Henle袢升支管腔膜侧的Na+-K+-2Cl-同向协同转运体，减少了Na+、Cl-的再吸收 B: 长期应用可产生低镁血症 C: 较少发生低血钙 D: 对肾血管具扩张作用 E: 可扩张小静脉，减轻心脏负荷