Metaphor are also called ICMs(Idealized Cognitive Models) in cognitive literature.

中国大学MOOC: The categories at the basic level helps us find an idealized configuration of feature of a category.

The categories at the basic level helps us find an idealized configuration of feature of a category. A: 正确 B: 错误

The younger romantic poets turned to the feudal past and idealized the life of the Middle Ages to protest against capitalist development.

Earlier in the nineteenth century, Cooper had insisted on the author’s right to present an idealized and poetic portrait of life, to avoid representations of “squalid misery”. ( )

中国大学MOOC: _________ is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provides mental access to the target within the same domain; and in cognitive literature is modeled as Idealized Cognitive Models.

_________ is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provides mental access to the target within the same domain; and in cognitive literature is modeled as Idealized Cognitive Models.? Metonymy|Mental space|Cross-space mapping|Metaphor

A boy makes a quest of his idealized childish love through painful experience up to the point of losing his innocence and coming to see the drabness and harshness of the adult world. The above sentence may well sum up the major theme of ______.

American people idealized the Frontiersman， so in their minds the Frontiresman should be _________ ________________________________________. A: one hero(always a man)who is physically tough. B: one skilled with guns and other weapons. C: a very independent person, needing no help from others while strong enough to help others. D: a “lone wolf”: unmarried, no children, alone.

2.[阅读理解] In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia,one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters,Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan,suddenly notices the camera and snatches it.Am I in this?he asks,before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter,Lawrence explains,He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks you're a kind of thief. As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands,stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic.The ignorant natives may have had a point.When photography first became available,scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s,many ethnographers sought pure pictures of primitive cultures,routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties,often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis,the legendary photographer of North American Indians,for example,got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation. These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated,primitive,and unchanging.For instance,National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic,the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white,middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops,for example,white women's breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb,such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine,are discarded in favor of those that reassure,to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies.The result,Lutz and Collins say,is the depiction of an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict. Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child,and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures,they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.