The goddess Athena symbolized __________.

China’s Singles’ Day is symbolized by the four number ones.

中国大学MOOC: The World Trade Center symbolized the power and the invincibility of the USA.

Red is the color of the Sun and the Holy Fire, ______ life and new beginning. A: to symbolize B: symbolized C: symbolizing D: symbolize

Hollywood<br/>movies are( )by<br/>grand scenes, romance and impressive music. A: represented B: symbolized C: identified D: characterized

It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste. （CET4-2015.6）

The bride was covered with a red veil over her head on the wedding day, which symbolized her_____, pureness and youthfulness, and it was the bridegroom who removed the veil from the bride's head, thus they became husband and wife formally.( ) A: loyalty B: virginity C: love D: cuteness

Why did the Austrian man place the diamond ring on the third finger of the left hand of his would-be wife（） A: He wanted to follow the tradition of his country. B: He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage. C: It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart. D: It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck.

PASSGE TWO(1) Yousuf Karsh, the Canadian portrait artist who photographed many of the most influential figures of the 20th century, died in a Boston hospital on July 13, 2002, after complications following surgery. He was 93.(2) Working from a studio in Ottawa, Karsh produced famous portraits of such subjects as Winston Churchill, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro, Ernest Hemingway and Albert Einstein. Actually he has become almost as famous as his legendary subjects. In the latest edition of Who’s Who, which listed the most notable people of the last century, Karsh was the only Canadian of the 100 famous people listed―51 of whom Karsh had photographed.(3) Karsh was praised as a master portraitist, often working in black and white, influenced by great painters of the past. He was famous for talking to his subjects as he was getting the shot’s composition just right, asking them questions and putting them at ease. He confesses that he continues to feel more challenged when "portraying true greatness adequately with my camera." In preparation, he reads as much as he can about the person before the sitting, but avoids having a preconceived idea of how he would photograph the subject. Rather he seeks, as he wrote in Karsh Portfolio in 1967, to capture the "essential element which has made them great," explaining, "All I know is that within every man and woman a secret is hidden, and as a photographer it is my task to reveal it if I can. In that fleeting interval of opportunity the photographer must act or lose his prize."(4) Yousuf Karsh was born in Armenia in 1908 and grew up under the horrors of the Armenian massacres. His photographer uncle, George Nakash, brought him to Canada in 1924 and sent him to Boston in 1928 to apprentice with John Garo, an outstanding photographer. He not only taught Karsh the technical processes used by photographic artists of the period but also prepared him to think for himself and evolve his own distinctive interpretations.(5) Four years later, he set up his studio in Ottawa. In December of 1941, his memorable portrait of a glowering, defiant Winston Churchill, which symbolized Britain’s indomitable wartime courage, brought Karsh into international prominence. Canada’s Prime Minister Mackenzie King arranged for Karsh to photograph Churchill following Churchill’s speech in the House of Commons. Not forewarned, Churchill lit up a cigar and growled, "Why was I not told of this?" but consented to a brief session. Karsh asked him to remove the cigar and, when he didn’t, stepped forward and gently removed it with the comment, "Forgive me, Sir." Churchill glowered as the shot was taken, then permitted Karsh to take still another, jokingly commenting, "You can even make a roaring lion stand still to be photographed." The Churchill portrait has since appeared in publications and on commemorative stamps all over the world.(6) Karsh traveled to London in 1943 with his portable studio―an 8×10 view camera and many studio lamps to photograph such notables as George Bernard Shaw, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the royal family. All these portraits illustrate Karsh’s ability to capture the essence of his sitter.26. According to the passage, Yousuf Karsh is a/an ( ). A: American B: Canadian C: British D: Armenian

8. Origin of Peace Symbols(1) The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons-that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let's look at a few of them. The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art , the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ's head .(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949. The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain. Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya's son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship. The olive branch(7)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit , so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol. The ankh(8) The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the "afterworld". The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water. 16. In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate _______ . A: Friendship. B: Love. C: Kinship. D: Honour.