Practice1<br/>Onceagain,sciencesupportswhatyourgrandmothertoldyou:Agoodnight’ssleephelpsyourbodyfightacold.<br/>Peoplewho(1)______fewerthansevenhoursofsleeppernightintheweeksbeforebeing(2)______tothecoldviruswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytogetsickasthosewhoaveragedeighthoursormore,anewstudyfound.<br/>Researchersusedfrequenttelephone(3)______totrackthesleephabitsofmorethan150menandwomenaged21to55overthecourseofafewweeks.Thentheyexposedthe(4)______tothevirus,quarantined(隔离)themforfivedaysandkepttrackofwhogotsick.<br/><alone></alone>(5)______sleepingmore,sleepingbetteralsoseemedtohelpthebodyfightillness:Patientswhofaredbetteronameasureknownas“sleepefficiency”—thepercentageoftimeinbedthatyou’re(6)______sleeping—werealsolesslikelytogetsick.<br/>Theresultsheldtrueevenafterresearchersadjustedfor(7)______suchasbody-massindex,age,sex,smokingandpre-existingantibodiestothevirus.<br/>Likeyourgrandmother,theresearchersaren’texactlysurewhysleepingbettermakesyoulesslikelytodevelopacold.Buttheydotakeastabattheanswer:“Sleep(8)______influencestheregulationofproinflammatorycytokines,histamines,andothersymptommediatorsthatarereleasedin(9)______toinfection.”InplainEnglish,maybetossingandturningwhenyou’reinfectedwiththecoldvirus(10)______tothesymptomsthatdefineacold.<br/>[A]subjects[B]disruption[C]exposed<br/>[D]contributes[E]interviews[F]Despite<br/>[G]actually[H]properties[I]response<br/>[J]variables[K]action[L]averaged<br/>[M]Besides[N]partially[O]disturbance
Practice1<br/>Onceagain,sciencesupportswhatyourgrandmothertoldyou:Agoodnight’ssleephelpsyourbodyfightacold.<br/>Peoplewho(1)______fewerthansevenhoursofsleeppernightintheweeksbeforebeing(2)______tothecoldviruswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytogetsickasthosewhoaveragedeighthoursormore,anewstudyfound.<br/>Researchersusedfrequenttelephone(3)______totrackthesleephabitsofmorethan150menandwomenaged21to55overthecourseofafewweeks.Thentheyexposedthe(4)______tothevirus,quarantined(隔离)themforfivedaysandkepttrackofwhogotsick.<br/><alone></alone>(5)______sleepingmore,sleepingbetteralsoseemedtohelpthebodyfightillness:Patientswhofaredbetteronameasureknownas“sleepefficiency”—thepercentageoftimeinbedthatyou’re(6)______sleeping—werealsolesslikelytogetsick.<br/>Theresultsheldtrueevenafterresearchersadjustedfor(7)______suchasbody-massindex,age,sex,smokingandpre-existingantibodiestothevirus.<br/>Likeyourgrandmother,theresearchersaren’texactlysurewhysleepingbettermakesyoulesslikelytodevelopacold.Buttheydotakeastabattheanswer:“Sleep(8)______influencestheregulationofproinflammatorycytokines,histamines,andothersymptommediatorsthatarereleasedin(9)______toinfection.”InplainEnglish,maybetossingandturningwhenyou’reinfectedwiththecoldvirus(10)______tothesymptomsthatdefineacold.<br/>[A]subjects[B]disruption[C]exposed<br/>[D]contributes[E]interviews[F]Despite<br/>[G]actually[H]properties[I]response<br/>[J]variables[K]action[L]averaged<br/>[M]Besides[N]partially[O]disturbance
The economy of the United States after 1952 was the economy of a well-fed, almost fully employed people. Despite occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. An economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War II. The country’s business spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day, or about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the boom. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s. As farmer’s share of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But there were, among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority. Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the opposite-depression.
The economy of the United States after 1952 was the economy of a well-fed, almost fully employed people. Despite occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. An economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War II. The country’s business spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day, or about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the boom. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s. As farmer’s share of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But there were, among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority. Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the opposite-depression.
请根据以下内容回答36-40题After a day’ s hard work, we needsome sleep. During the sleep, the fatigue (疲劳)of the body disappears and recuperation (恢复)begins. The tired mind gathers new energy, and the memory improves.Some adults require little sleep;others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four hours. Infants (婴儿) sleep sixteen toeighteen hours daily, the amount gradually diminishing as they grow older.Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. Aworker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executiveworking under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people have little sleep. Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwinapparently averaged only four to six hours a night.Whatever your individual need,you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total ofmore than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleeproutine: a favorite hour, a favorite~ bed, a favorite position, and a rule youneed to follow in order to rest comfortably.Investigators have tried to findout how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached morethan 115 hours--nearly five days. Whatever the limit, it is absolute. Animalsthat kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limitfor human beings is probably about a week. Theamount of sleep required may__________ A: tire an individual mind B: help infants grow older C: apply pressure on an executive D: depend on an individual age
请根据以下内容回答36-40题After a day’ s hard work, we needsome sleep. During the sleep, the fatigue (疲劳)of the body disappears and recuperation (恢复)begins. The tired mind gathers new energy, and the memory improves.Some adults require little sleep;others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four hours. Infants (婴儿) sleep sixteen toeighteen hours daily, the amount gradually diminishing as they grow older.Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. Aworker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executiveworking under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people have little sleep. Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwinapparently averaged only four to six hours a night.Whatever your individual need,you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total ofmore than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleeproutine: a favorite hour, a favorite~ bed, a favorite position, and a rule youneed to follow in order to rest comfortably.Investigators have tried to findout how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached morethan 115 hours--nearly five days. Whatever the limit, it is absolute. Animalsthat kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limitfor human beings is probably about a week. Theamount of sleep required may__________ A: tire an individual mind B: help infants grow older C: apply pressure on an executive D: depend on an individual age
阅读理解 Passage One Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. You hear the refrainall the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn’t feel good. Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is aquestion that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent ( 富裕的 ) Society by John KennethGalbraith, who died recently at 97. The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition.For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone,Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent;in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent. To Galbraith,materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising,companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need.Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile,government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively—and wrongly—labeled government only as “anecessary evil.” It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich—overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing.From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent,to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants—for bigger homes, more health care, more education,faster Internet connections. The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased,that part has eroded. More workers fear they’ve become “the disposableAmerican,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name. Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian ( 乌托邦式的 ) possibilities. Up to a point,affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions. Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences,including family breakdown and obesity ( 肥胖症 ). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes. Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness. Q ： What questiondoes John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?
阅读理解 Passage One Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. You hear the refrainall the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn’t feel good. Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is aquestion that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent ( 富裕的 ) Society by John KennethGalbraith, who died recently at 97. The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition.For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone,Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent;in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent. To Galbraith,materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising,companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need.Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile,government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively—and wrongly—labeled government only as “anecessary evil.” It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich—overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing.From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent,to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants—for bigger homes, more health care, more education,faster Internet connections. The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased,that part has eroded. More workers fear they’ve become “the disposableAmerican,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name. Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian ( 乌托邦式的 ) possibilities. Up to a point,affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions. Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences,including family breakdown and obesity ( 肥胖症 ). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes. Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness. Q ： What questiondoes John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?