中国大学MOOC: Effective reading of a scientific abstract involves identifying its structure. Though different disciplines and journals may show slight differences in their requirements for the format of abstracts, the major components of a scientific abstract remain almost the same and are presented in the same sequence. Read the following disordered statements and reorder them into a well-organized abstract. Explain the reasons for your arrangement of the statements.A. Participants first learned stimuli by either restudying or engaging in retrieval practice. Twenty-four hours later, we induced stress in half of the participants and assessed subsequent memory performance.B. We aimed to determine whether a highly effective learning technique could strengthen memory against the negative effects of stress.C. More than a decade of research has supported a robust consensus: Acute stress impairs memory retrieval.D. Participants who learned by restudying demonstrated the typical stress-related memory impairment, whereas those who learned by retrieval practice were immune to the deleterious effects of stress.E. These results suggest that the effects of stress on memory retrieval may be contingent on the strength of the memory representations themselves.F. To bolster memory, we used retrieval practice, or the act of taking practice tests.(请按照你的排序,直接输入大写字母,字母之间没有空格或标点符号)
举一反三
- Which of the following stages are involved in the memory process?( )。 A: retrieval B: storage C: note-taking D: encoding
- The Kaiser effect is used to measure in-situ<br/>stress by the memory property of rocks.
- Which of the following plays a key role in one's learning and memory? A: The kidneys. B: The adrenal hormone. C: The stress hormone. D: The hippocampus.
- High Stress May Damage Memory According to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol don’t score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. What’s more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory. The finding suggests that even cortisol levels in the normal, “healthy” range can actually accelerate brain aging. The study results “now pride substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans,” write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial. When people feel too worried or nervous or when they overwork, the stress appears. Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys. Over a 5 to 6-year period, Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers, most of whom were in their 70s. Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the participants could be divided into three subgroups: those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high); those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate (increasing/moderate); and subjects whose cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate (decreasing/moderate). The researchers tested the volunteers’ memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group. The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions. The results suggest that “… brain again can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging,” write Porter and Landfield. “This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus.”
- What is the main purpose of the talk A: To list qualities of effective managers B: To explain why workers criticize management C: To describe negative effects of stress D: To discuss ways of dealing with stress