HolidayBluesA.Theholidayseasonhasalwaysbeenacauseforcelebrationaroundtheworld.Theopportunitytotakeabreakfromwork,befrivolous,goonholiday,meetfamilyandfriends---allgoodreasonstolookforwardtotheholidayswithenthusiasmandanticipation.Oratleastthatiswhatweareledtobelieve.B.ResearchcarriedoutinAmericasuggeststhatthesefeelingsofeuphoriamaybesomewhatmisplaced.AstudyrecentlycarriedoutbyNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCentrehasconcludedthatoneinthreepeopleofvaryingagessuffer‘holidayblues’tovaryingextents,fromamildfeelingofsadnesstosevere,sometimesevensuicidal,depression.Theeffectscanmanifestthemselvesinmanyways,suchasaninabilitytosleeporsleepingtoomuch,overeatingorundereating,headachesordrinkingtoomuch.Thereportalsoconcludedthatnotonlyarethereanumberofcomplexcausesthatcantriggersuchdepression(psychologicalandbiological),thereareanequalnumberofopinionsastothebestsolution.C.AccordingtoDrFrankPittman,aleadingfamilypsychiatrist,themostsignificantcauseforholidaydepressionactuallystemsfromourconcernsaboutourfamily.Duringtheholidayseason,familiesmeet,oftenforthefirsttimesincethelastholidayseason,andtrytomakethesereunions‘perfect’.Infact,saysPittman,wecountontheholidaystocompensatefortherestoftheyear.Hehimselfcommentsthat‘Iwantedtomakeuptothefamilyfornothavingbeenagoodenoughfatheranduncleallyear’.However,suchgoodintentionsareoftenthwartedbyoldfamilyarguments,feelingsofnotbeingappreciatedorbeingused,allofwhichresultinholidaystress.Itseemsthattheidyllicpictureofourfamilywewishtobuildinourmindscannotbesustainedinreality.D.AlthoughPittmanholdsfamilytobethesourceofmuchoftheproblem,otherspointtoamoregeneralsocialcontext.Giftshopping,forexample,doesnothelpreducetensions---crowdedshops,longqueues,thepressureofchoosingjusttherightpresent---allofthesethingscontributetoafeelingofstressandanxiety.Ontheotherendofthescale,therearethosewithoutfamilywhoexperienceasenseofextremelonelinessandisolationthroughoutthisperiod,oftenspendingthelongholidaysalone.Anyfeelingsofinadequacytheymayharbourthroughouttheyearcanoftenbecomeunbearableatatimewhenfriendsareunavailableandenjoyinganapparentlycosybreakwiththeirlovedones.Infact,suchistheextremenatureofthisisolationthatmanyorganisationshavebeenestablishedtooffersomehelpandsupporttothosewhofeelmostaloneoverwhatshouldbethe‘festive’season.E.Others,however,arguethatmorescientificexplanationscarryanequalweightinexplainingholidayblues.SeasonalAffectiveDisorder,orSADasitismorecommonlyknown,isalsoheldresponsibleforwinterdepression.Anaturalreactiontofallinglevelsofsunlight,thepinealglandsecretesthehormonemelatonin,whichhastheeffectofslowingthebodydown.Whendaysgetshorter,moreofthehormoneisreleasedcausingsuffererstobecomelethargicandmiserable.Frombeingindustriouspeoplewithplentyofenergy,SADsufferersfindthemselvesincreasinglywearyandunabletosustainanyprolongedactivity,asituationwhichoftenleadstodepression.Inaddition,formanypeoplethishasamajorimpactnotonlyontheirpersonallifebutalsoontheirprofessionallife,asemployersoftenseethislackofproductivityintermsoflazinessorunwillingnesstowork.Asaresult,SADhasbeenlinkeddirectlytothehighrateofsuicideinanumberofScandinaviancountriesduringwintermonths,whenthereareoftenafewhoursofsunlightaday.F.ThegoodnewsforSADsufferersisthatthereisacure,andasfarasmanymedicalcuresgothisisrelativelysimple.Asthecauseislackofbrightlight,thetreatmentistobeinbrightlighteveryday.Thiscanobviouslybeachievedbystayinginabrightlylitclimate,explainingwhyskiingholidaysaresopopularastheyallowpeopletogetplentyofsunlightaswellasprovidingastimulatingactivity.Anothermethodisbyusinglighttherapy,inwhichpatientssitinfrontofalampwhichactsinthesamewayassunlight.Tobemorespecific,thelightshouldbeaboutasbrightasearlymorningsunshine,andtheusershouldallowthelighttoreachtheeyesforanythinguptoonehouradayinordertoalleviatethesymptoms.Thereareanumberofcompaniescurrentlymanufacturingtheselightsasahealthaidandtheyareevenbeingprescribedbysomedoctors.Inaddition,theycanbeboughtatconsiderablylessthanthecostofaholiday.G.Whateverfundamentalreasonunderpinsholidaydepression,itseemsreasonabletoarguethatthephenomenondoesindeedexist.Voluntarysupportservices,offeringcounselingservicestothosewhoneedtheunbiasedandfriendlyvoiceofastrangertohelpthemworkthroughtheirunhappinessreportasignificantincreaseddemandfortheirservicesduringholidayperiodssuchasChristmasandtheNewYear.Questions1–2CirclethecorrectanswerA–C1.Researchhasshownthat__________________.A.webecomemoredepressedduringtheholidaysB.poordietcanleadtodepressionC.simplethingscanleadustofeelvaryingdegreesofdepression.2.DrPittmanbelievesholidaydepressioncomesfrom_____________.A.feelingsofinadequacyB.beingaloneC.over-compensation.Questions3–6AREDELETED.Questions7–11ChoosethemostsuitableheadingsforsectionsB–Ffromthelistbelow.Useeachheadingonceonly.I.FamilycuresII.AddressingtheproblemIII.ImpactofpersonalityIV.PsychologicalfactorsV.BiologicalfactorsVI.AvoidingstressVII.ManifestationsofdepressionVIII.DepressioninchildrenIX.PressuresoftheholidayperiodParagraphB:ParagraphC:ParagraphD:ParagraphE:ParagraphF:

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2021-04-14

HolidayBluesA.Theholidayseasonhasalwaysbeenacauseforcelebrationaroundtheworld.Theopportunitytotakeabreakfromwork,befrivolous,goonholiday,meetfamilyandfriends---allgoodreasonstolookforwardtotheholidayswithenthusiasmandanticipation.Oratleastthatiswhatweareledtobelieve.B.ResearchcarriedoutinAmericasuggeststhatthesefeelingsofeuphoriamaybesomewhatmisplaced.AstudyrecentlycarriedoutbyNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCentrehasconcludedthatoneinthreepeopleofvaryingagessuffer‘holidayblues’tovaryingextents,fromamildfeelingofsadnesstosevere,sometimesevensuicidal,depression.Theeffectscanmanifestthemselvesinmanyways,suchasaninabilitytosleeporsleepingtoomuch,overeatingorundereating,headachesordrinkingtoomuch.Thereportalsoconcludedthatnotonlyarethereanumberofcomplexcausesthatcantriggersuchdepression(psychologicalandbiological),thereareanequalnumberofopinionsastothebestsolution.C.AccordingtoDrFrankPittman,aleadingfamilypsychiatrist,themostsignificantcauseforholidaydepressionactuallystemsfromourconcernsaboutourfamily.Duringtheholidayseason,familiesmeet,oftenforthefirsttimesincethelastholidayseason,andtrytomakethesereunions‘perfect’.Infact,saysPittman,wecountontheholidaystocompensatefortherestoftheyear.Hehimselfcommentsthat‘Iwantedtomakeuptothefamilyfornothavingbeenagoodenoughfatheranduncleallyear’.However,suchgoodintentionsareoftenthwartedbyoldfamilyarguments,feelingsofnotbeingappreciatedorbeingused,allofwhichresultinholidaystress.Itseemsthattheidyllicpictureofourfamilywewishtobuildinourmindscannotbesustainedinreality.D.AlthoughPittmanholdsfamilytobethesourceofmuchoftheproblem,otherspointtoamoregeneralsocialcontext.Giftshopping,forexample,doesnothelpreducetensions---crowdedshops,longqueues,thepressureofchoosingjusttherightpresent---allofthesethingscontributetoafeelingofstressandanxiety.Ontheotherendofthescale,therearethosewithoutfamilywhoexperienceasenseofextremelonelinessandisolationthroughoutthisperiod,oftenspendingthelongholidaysalone.Anyfeelingsofinadequacytheymayharbourthroughouttheyearcanoftenbecomeunbearableatatimewhenfriendsareunavailableandenjoyinganapparentlycosybreakwiththeirlovedones.Infact,suchistheextremenatureofthisisolationthatmanyorganisationshavebeenestablishedtooffersomehelpandsupporttothosewhofeelmostaloneoverwhatshouldbethe‘festive’season.E.Others,however,arguethatmorescientificexplanationscarryanequalweightinexplainingholidayblues.SeasonalAffectiveDisorder,orSADasitismorecommonlyknown,isalsoheldresponsibleforwinterdepression.Anaturalreactiontofallinglevelsofsunlight,thepinealglandsecretesthehormonemelatonin,whichhastheeffectofslowingthebodydown.Whendaysgetshorter,moreofthehormoneisreleasedcausingsuffererstobecomelethargicandmiserable.Frombeingindustriouspeoplewithplentyofenergy,SADsufferersfindthemselvesincreasinglywearyandunabletosustainanyprolongedactivity,asituationwhichoftenleadstodepression.Inaddition,formanypeoplethishasamajorimpactnotonlyontheirpersonallifebutalsoontheirprofessionallife,asemployersoftenseethislackofproductivityintermsoflazinessorunwillingnesstowork.Asaresult,SADhasbeenlinkeddirectlytothehighrateofsuicideinanumberofScandinaviancountriesduringwintermonths,whenthereareoftenafewhoursofsunlightaday.F.ThegoodnewsforSADsufferersisthatthereisacure,andasfarasmanymedicalcuresgothisisrelativelysimple.Asthecauseislackofbrightlight,thetreatmentistobeinbrightlighteveryday.Thiscanobviouslybeachievedbystayinginabrightlylitclimate,explainingwhyskiingholidaysaresopopularastheyallowpeopletogetplentyofsunlightaswellasprovidingastimulatingactivity.Anothermethodisbyusinglighttherapy,inwhichpatientssitinfrontofalampwhichactsinthesamewayassunlight.Tobemorespecific,thelightshouldbeaboutasbrightasearlymorningsunshine,andtheusershouldallowthelighttoreachtheeyesforanythinguptoonehouradayinordertoalleviatethesymptoms.Thereareanumberofcompaniescurrentlymanufacturingtheselightsasahealthaidandtheyareevenbeingprescribedbysomedoctors.Inaddition,theycanbeboughtatconsiderablylessthanthecostofaholiday.G.Whateverfundamentalreasonunderpinsholidaydepression,itseemsreasonabletoarguethatthephenomenondoesindeedexist.Voluntarysupportservices,offeringcounselingservicestothosewhoneedtheunbiasedandfriendlyvoiceofastrangertohelpthemworkthroughtheirunhappinessreportasignificantincreaseddemandfortheirservicesduringholidayperiodssuchasChristmasandtheNewYear.Questions1–2CirclethecorrectanswerA–C1.Researchhasshownthat______.A.webecomemoredepressedduringtheholidaysB.poordietcanleadtodepressionC.simplethingscanleadustofeelvaryingdegreesofdepression.2.DrPittmanbelievesholidaydepressioncomesfrom_.A.feelingsofinadequacyB.beingaloneC.over-compensation.Questions3–6AREDELETED.Questions7–11ChoosethemostsuitableheadingsforsectionsB–Ffromthelistbelow.Useeachheadingonceonly.I.FamilycuresII.AddressingtheproblemIII.ImpactofpersonalityIV.PsychologicalfactorsV.BiologicalfactorsVI.AvoidingstressVII.ManifestationsofdepressionVIII.DepressioninchildrenIX.PressuresoftheholidayperiodParagraphB:ParagraphC:ParagraphD:ParagraphE:ParagraphF:

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