Passage2
InGreenland,IceandInstabilityTheancientfrozendomecloakingGreenlandissovastthatpilotshavecrashedintowhattheythoughtwasacloudbankspanningthehorizon.Flyingoverit,youcanscarcelyimaginethatitcoulderodefastenoughtodangerouslyraisesealevelsanytimesoon.
Alongtheflanksinspringandsummer,however,thepictureisverydifferent.Foranincreasingnumberofwarmyears,anetworkofbluelakesandrivuletsofmelt-waterhasbeenspreadingeverhigherontheicecap.
Themeltingsurfacedarkens,absorbinguptofourtimesasmuchenergyfromthesunassnow,whichreflectssunlight.Naturaldrainpipescalledmoulinscarrywaterfromthesurfaceintothedepths,insomeplacesreachingbedrock.
Theprocessslightly,butmeasurably,lubricatesandacceleratesthegrindingpassageoficetowardsthesea.
Mostimportant,manyglaciologistssay,isthebreak-upofhugesemi-submergedclotsoficewheresomelargeGreenlandglaciers,particularlyalongthewestcoast,squeezethroughfiordsastheymeetthewarmingocean.Asthesepassageshavecleared,thishassharplyacceleratedtheflowofmanyofthesecreeping,corrugatedandfrozenrivers.
Someglaciologistsfearthattheriseinseasinawarmingworldcouldbemuchgreaterthantheupperestimateofabout60centimetresthiscenturymadebytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangelastyear.(Seasroselessthan30centimetreslastcentury.)
Thepanel’sassessmentdidnotincludefactorsknowntocontributetoiceflowsbutnotunderstoodwellenoughtoestimatewithconfidence.Ascientificscrambleisunderwaytoclarifywhethertheerosionoftheworld’smostvulnerableicesheets,inGreenlandandwestAntarctica,cancontinuetoaccelerate.Theeffortinvolvesfieldandsatelliteanalysesandsiftingforcluesfrompastwarmperiods.
Thingsaredefinitelyfarmoreseriousthananyonewouldhavethoughtfiveyearsago.
Alongtheflanksinspringandsummer,however,thepictureisverydifferent.Foranincreasingnumberofwarmyears,anetworkofbluelakesandrivuletsofmelt-waterhasbeenspreadingeverhigherontheicecap.
Themeltingsurfacedarkens,absorbinguptofourtimesasmuchenergyfromthesunassnow,whichreflectssunlight.Naturaldrainpipescalledmoulinscarrywaterfromthesurfaceintothedepths,insomeplacesreachingbedrock.
Theprocessslightly,butmeasurably,lubricatesandacceleratesthegrindingpassageoficetowardsthesea.
Mostimportant,manyglaciologistssay,isthebreak-upofhugesemi-submergedclotsoficewheresomelargeGreenlandglaciers,particularlyalongthewestcoast,squeezethroughfiordsastheymeetthewarmingocean.Asthesepassageshavecleared,thishassharplyacceleratedtheflowofmanyofthesecreeping,corrugatedandfrozenrivers.
Someglaciologistsfearthattheriseinseasinawarmingworldcouldbemuchgreaterthantheupperestimateofabout60centimetresthiscenturymadebytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangelastyear.(Seasroselessthan30centimetreslastcentury.)
Thepanel’sassessmentdidnotincludefactorsknowntocontributetoiceflowsbutnotunderstoodwellenoughtoestimatewithconfidence.Ascientificscrambleisunderwaytoclarifywhethertheerosionoftheworld’smostvulnerableicesheets,inGreenlandandwestAntarctica,cancontinuetoaccelerate.Theeffortinvolvesfieldandsatelliteanalysesandsiftingforcluesfrompastwarmperiods.
Thingsaredefinitelyfarmoreseriousthananyonewouldhavethoughtfiveyearsago.
举一反三
- <spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Passage4</span>●Readthememoandtherequestbelow.<br/>●Completetheformonthefollowingpage.<br/>●Writeaword,phraseornumberinspaces41-45onyourbook.<br/>Memo<br/>To:CharlesMurphy@yahoo.com<br/>From:RobertJames@sohu.com<br/>Subject:BooksNotDelivered<br/>Message:<br/>April8,2005<br/>Charles,<br/>YouweregoingtosendthebooksonInternationalTradeandMulti-culturalCommunicationtomebyyesterday.Theyhavenotarrived.PleasegetintouchwithmeASAP.Weneedthesebooksfortomorrowafternoon’smeeting.<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:right;">Thanks,</span><br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:right;">Rnbert</span><br/>ARequestfortheBooksOrdered<br/>Thepersonwhoreceivedthemessage:(41)______<br/>Whathappened:(42)______<br/>Whenwerethebooksduetoarrive:(43)______<br/>Thenameofthebook:(44)______<br/>Whenwillthebookbeused:(45)______
- <spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Passage8</span>●Readthemagazinearticlebelowaboutacompanywhichchecksontheserviceprovidedbyshops.<br/>●Choosethecorrectwordtofilleachgap,fromA,BorContheoppositepage.<br/>●Foreachquestion29-40,markoneletter(A,BorC)onyourAnswerSheet.<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">SECRETSHOPPERS</span>TimWrightknowsallaboutmakingcompaniesmoreefficient.Hisfirm,Check-up,sends‘secretshoppers’intoretailandleisurecompanies(29)______ordertomakesurethatcustomersarereceivinggoodservice.After(30)______visit,thesecretshoppersprepareareportforthecompanytoletthemknow(31)______goodorbadtheservicewas.‘Companiesliketoknow,’saysMr.Wright,‘that(32)______customersgointoastorejustafewminutesbeforeclosingtime,theywill(33)______getgoodservice.’Check-up(34)______setupinthewestofEnglandin1992and(35)______twoyearsmovedtoLondonsoitcouldofferanationwideservice.(36)______thelastthreeyears,Check-up’sprofitshave(37)______dramaticallyascompanieshavecometorealize(38)______greatimportanceofgoodcustomerservice.Havingstartedwithjust;threeemployees,Check-upnowhasastaff(39)______sixty-fiveandlastweek(40)______animportantnewcontractwithamajorsupermarketchain.<br/>29.AinBbyCon<br/>30.AourBhisCtheir<br/>31.AwhetherBhowCif<br/>32.AwhileBwhenC.As<br/>33.AstillByetC.Already<br/>34.AhasBisCwas<br/>35.AuntilB.AfterClater<br/>36.AFromBDuringCSince<br/>37.AincreaseBincreasingCincreased<br/>38.AthisBthatCthe<br/>39.AofB.AtCtoo<br/>40.AsignBsignedCsigning
- <spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Passage7</span>●Readthearticlebelowabouttheimportanceofhiringrightpeople.<br/>●ChoosethecorrectwordtofilleachgapfromA,BorContheoppositepage.<br/>●Foreachquestion29-40,markoneletter(A,B,orC)onyourAnswerSheet.<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Hiring:DoYouKnowHowImportanttoPickThem?</span>Yoursmallbusinessisgrowing,themarkethasaneed(29)______yourproduct,andyou’rerecruitingemployeestoexpandyourbusiness.Whatcouldpossibly(30)______wrong?Theansweris,alot,(31)______youdon’thiretherightpeople.<br/>Oneofthedifferencesbetweenbusinessesthatboomand(32)______thatlimpalongisgoodemployees.Obviously,yourtalentasanentrepreneurhasalottodo(33)______thesuccessofyourbusiness,butyou(34)______onlygosofarbyyourself.Youmustfindgoodemployees,figureout(35)______motivatesthem,andthenplacethemintotherightposition.<br/>Hiringemployeesis(36)______andrequiresalotofpatienceandenergy.Youhavetoresistthetemptationtofillthejobquicklywithoneofthefirstfew(37)______whocomealongor(38)______someonewhoisonlysufficient(39)______youwanttostop(40)______andgetbacktoyourbusiness.<br/>29.AforBtoCin<br/>30.AleaveBcomeCgo<br/>31.AAlthoughBifCbut<br/>32.AtheseBthoseCthey<br/>33.AonBinCwith<br/>34.AcanBoughtCshall<br/>35.AwhatBthatCwhich<br/>36.Atime-consumeBtime-consumedCtime-consuming<br/>37.ApersonBpeopleCpeoples<br/>38.AhireBhiresChiring<br/>39.AsoBbecauseCwhile<br/>40.AinterviewsBinterviewCinterviewing
- <spanstyle='text-align:center;display:block'>OnNotWinningtheNobelPrize(Excerpt)</span><spanstyle='text-align:center;display:block'>ByDorisLessing</span>Wehaveatreasure-houseofliterature,goingbacktotheEgyptians,theGreeks,theRomans.Itisallthere.Thiswealthofliterature,tobediscoveredagainandagainbywhoeverisluckyenoughtocomeuponit.Atreasure.Supposeitdidnotexist.Howimpoverished,howemptywewouldbe.<br/>Weownalegacyoflanguages,poems,histories,anditisnotonethatwilleverbeexhausted.Itisthere,always.<br/>Wehaveabequestofstories.talesfromtheoldstorytellers,someofwhosenamesweknow,butsomenotThestorytellersgobackandback,toaclearingintheforestwhereagreatfireburns,andtheoldshamansdanceandsing,forourheritageofstoriesbeganinfire,magic,thespiritworld.Andthatiswhereitisheld,today.<br/>Thestorytellerisdeepinsideeveryoneofus.Thestory-makeralwayswithus.Letussupposeourworldisravagedbywar,bythehorrorsthatweallofuseasilyimagine.Letussupposefloodswashthroughourcities,theseasrise.Butthestorytellerwillbethere,foritisourimaginationswhichshapesus,keepus,createus-forgoodandforill.Itisourstoriesthatwillrecreateus,whenwearetorn,hurtevendestroyed.Itisthestoryteller,thedream-maker,themyth-maker,thatisourphoenix,whichrepresentsusatourbest,andatourmostcreative.
- Passage9<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">EvolutionoftheShark</span>Theshark,whateverelseitmightbe,isalmostuniquelysuccessful.Accordingtofossilevidence,theearliestshark-likecreaturesprowledtheworld’soceans450millionyearsago—longbeforetheageofdinosaurs.Comparedtothis,man’sspanofacoupleofmillionyearsisamereflashofatigershark’stail.<br/>Evolutionisthegrindinglyslowprocesswhichrewardssuccessby“survivalofthefittest”.Organismsbestsuitedtoexploittheirenvironmentsurvivetobreed,producingmorelikethemselves.Thoselesssuitedtotheirsurroundingsfailtoprosperandsimplydieout.Ifanenvironmentchanges,whichmaymeanchangesinpredators*orfoodsupply,aswellasphysicalsurroundings,aspeciesmayneedtoadaptifitistosurvive.<br/>Whathappensinpracticeisthatoneormoreofthemyriadtinydifferencesthatoccurnaturallyinapopulationbecomeanadvantageordisadvantage.Ifthecharacteristicisanasset,thecreaturepossessingitismorelikelytosurviveandpassitontothenextgeneration.Ifitisnot,theindividual,andthecharacteristic,aremorelikelytodieout.Humans,forinstance,althoughallpartofthesamespecies,comeinmanyshapesandsizes.Althoughmodemman’scapacitytochangehisenvironmenthasreducedhisneedtoadapttoit,someofthesecouldbecomemoreorlessadvantageousifoursurroundingsweretochange.<br/>Althoughtheshark’senvironment,thesea,hasprobablybeenmoreconstantthantheone-thirdoftheglobethatisland,sharks,too,haveundergoneinnumerablechangesoverthemillennia.AsNatureexperimentedtofindherperfectfish,thereweremanysuccessesbutprobablymanymoredeadends.Someofthesearepreservedinlayersofancientrock,the“fossilrecord”,fromwherepaleontologists**laterunearththem.<br/>*predator：捕食其他动物为生的动物<br/>**paleontologist：古动物学家<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:right;">(2005年5月试题)</span>