Alongtheflanksinspringandsummer,however,thepictureisverydifferent.Foranincreasingnumberofwarmyears,anetworkofbluelakesandrivuletsofmelt-waterhasbeenspreadingeverhigherontheicecap.
Themeltingsurfacedarkens,absorbinguptofourtimesasmuchenergyfromthesunassnow,whichreflectssunlight.Naturaldrainpipescalledmoulinscarrywaterfromthesurfaceintothedepths,insomeplacesreachingbedrock.
Theprocessslightly,butmeasurably,lubricatesandacceleratesthegrindingpassageoficetowardsthesea.
Mostimportant,manyglaciologistssay,isthebreak-upofhugesemi-submergedclotsoficewheresomelargeGreenlandglaciers,particularlyalongthewestcoast,squeezethroughfiordsastheymeetthewarmingocean.Asthesepassageshavecleared,thishassharplyacceleratedtheflowofmanyofthesecreeping,corrugatedandfrozenrivers.
Someglaciologistsfearthattheriseinseasinawarmingworldcouldbemuchgreaterthantheupperestimateofabout60centimetresthiscenturymadebytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangelastyear.(Seasroselessthan30centimetreslastcentury.)
Thepanel’sassessmentdidnotincludefactorsknowntocontributetoiceflowsbutnotunderstoodwellenoughtoestimatewithconfidence.Ascientificscrambleisunderwaytoclarifywhethertheerosionoftheworld’smostvulnerableicesheets,inGreenlandandwestAntarctica,cancontinuetoaccelerate.Theeffortinvolvesfieldandsatelliteanalysesandsiftingforcluesfrompastwarmperiods.
Thingsaredefinitelyfarmoreseriousthananyonewouldhavethoughtfiveyearsago.
举一反三
- <spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Passage4</span>●Readthememoandtherequestbelow.<br/>●Completetheformonthefollowingpage.<br/>●Writeaword,phraseornumberinspaces41-45onyourbook.<br/>Memo<br/>To:CharlesMurphy@yahoo.com<br/>From:RobertJames@sohu.com<br/>Subject:BooksNotDelivered<br/>Message:<br/>April8,2005<br/>Charles,<br/>YouweregoingtosendthebooksonInternationalTradeandMulti-culturalCommunicationtomebyyesterday.Theyhavenotarrived.PleasegetintouchwithmeASAP.Weneedthesebooksfortomorrowafternoon’smeeting.<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:right;">Thanks,</span><br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:right;">Rnbert</span><br/>ARequestfortheBooksOrdered<br/>Thepersonwhoreceivedthemessage:(41)______<br/>Whathappened:(42)______<br/>Whenwerethebooksduetoarrive:(43)______<br/>Thenameofthebook:(44)______<br/>Whenwillthebookbeused:(45)______
- <spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Passage8</span>●Readthemagazinearticlebelowaboutacompanywhichchecksontheserviceprovidedbyshops.<br/>●Choosethecorrectwordtofilleachgap,fromA,BorContheoppositepage.<br/>●Foreachquestion29-40,markoneletter(A,BorC)onyourAnswerSheet.<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">SECRETSHOPPERS</span>TimWrightknowsallaboutmakingcompaniesmoreefficient.Hisfirm,Check-up,sends‘secretshoppers’intoretailandleisurecompanies(29)______ordertomakesurethatcustomersarereceivinggoodservice.After(30)______visit,thesecretshoppersprepareareportforthecompanytoletthemknow(31)______goodorbadtheservicewas.‘Companiesliketoknow,’saysMr.Wright,‘that(32)______customersgointoastorejustafewminutesbeforeclosingtime,theywill(33)______getgoodservice.’Check-up(34)______setupinthewestofEnglandin1992and(35)______twoyearsmovedtoLondonsoitcouldofferanationwideservice.(36)______thelastthreeyears,Check-up’sprofitshave(37)______dramaticallyascompanieshavecometorealize(38)______greatimportanceofgoodcustomerservice.Havingstartedwithjust;threeemployees,Check-upnowhasastaff(39)______sixty-fiveandlastweek(40)______animportantnewcontractwithamajorsupermarketchain.<br/>29.AinBbyCon<br/>30.AourBhisCtheir<br/>31.AwhetherBhowCif<br/>32.AwhileBwhenC.As<br/>33.AstillByetC.Already<br/>34.AhasBisCwas<br/>35.AuntilB.AfterClater<br/>36.AFromBDuringCSince<br/>37.AincreaseBincreasingCincreased<br/>38.AthisBthatCthe<br/>39.AofB.AtCtoo<br/>40.AsignBsignedCsigning
- <spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Passage7</span>●Readthearticlebelowabouttheimportanceofhiringrightpeople.<br/>●ChoosethecorrectwordtofilleachgapfromA,BorContheoppositepage.<br/>●Foreachquestion29-40,markoneletter(A,B,orC)onyourAnswerSheet.<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Hiring:DoYouKnowHowImportanttoPickThem?</span>Yoursmallbusinessisgrowing,themarkethasaneed(29)______yourproduct,andyou’rerecruitingemployeestoexpandyourbusiness.Whatcouldpossibly(30)______wrong?Theansweris,alot,(31)______youdon’thiretherightpeople.<br/>Oneofthedifferencesbetweenbusinessesthatboomand(32)______thatlimpalongisgoodemployees.Obviously,yourtalentasanentrepreneurhasalottodo(33)______thesuccessofyourbusiness,butyou(34)______onlygosofarbyyourself.Youmustfindgoodemployees,figureout(35)______motivatesthem,andthenplacethemintotherightposition.<br/>Hiringemployeesis(36)______andrequiresalotofpatienceandenergy.Youhavetoresistthetemptationtofillthejobquicklywithoneofthefirstfew(37)______whocomealongor(38)______someonewhoisonlysufficient(39)______youwanttostop(40)______andgetbacktoyourbusiness.<br/>29.AforBtoCin<br/>30.AleaveBcomeCgo<br/>31.AAlthoughBifCbut<br/>32.AtheseBthoseCthey<br/>33.AonBinCwith<br/>34.AcanBoughtCshall<br/>35.AwhatBthatCwhich<br/>36.Atime-consumeBtime-consumedCtime-consuming<br/>37.ApersonBpeopleCpeoples<br/>38.AhireBhiresChiring<br/>39.AsoBbecauseCwhile<br/>40.AinterviewsBinterviewCinterviewing
- <spanstyle='text-align:center;display:block'>OnNotWinningtheNobelPrize(Excerpt)</span><spanstyle='text-align:center;display:block'>ByDorisLessing</span>Wehaveatreasure-houseofliterature,goingbacktotheEgyptians,theGreeks,theRomans.Itisallthere.Thiswealthofliterature,tobediscoveredagainandagainbywhoeverisluckyenoughtocomeuponit.Atreasure.Supposeitdidnotexist.Howimpoverished,howemptywewouldbe.<br/>Weownalegacyoflanguages,poems,histories,anditisnotonethatwilleverbeexhausted.Itisthere,always.<br/>Wehaveabequestofstories.talesfromtheoldstorytellers,someofwhosenamesweknow,butsomenotThestorytellersgobackandback,toaclearingintheforestwhereagreatfireburns,andtheoldshamansdanceandsing,forourheritageofstoriesbeganinfire,magic,thespiritworld.Andthatiswhereitisheld,today.<br/>Thestorytellerisdeepinsideeveryoneofus.Thestory-makeralwayswithus.Letussupposeourworldisravagedbywar,bythehorrorsthatweallofuseasilyimagine.Letussupposefloodswashthroughourcities,theseasrise.Butthestorytellerwillbethere,foritisourimaginationswhichshapesus,keepus,createus-forgoodandforill.Itisourstoriesthatwillrecreateus,whenwearetorn,hurtevendestroyed.Itisthestoryteller,thedream-maker,themyth-maker,thatisourphoenix,whichrepresentsusatourbest,andatourmostcreative.
- Passage9<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">EvolutionoftheShark</span>Theshark,whateverelseitmightbe,isalmostuniquelysuccessful.Accordingtofossilevidence,theearliestshark-likecreaturesprowledtheworld’soceans450millionyearsago—longbeforetheageofdinosaurs.Comparedtothis,man’sspanofacoupleofmillionyearsisamereflashofatigershark’stail.<br/>Evolutionisthegrindinglyslowprocesswhichrewardssuccessby“survivalofthefittest”.Organismsbestsuitedtoexploittheirenvironmentsurvivetobreed,producingmorelikethemselves.Thoselesssuitedtotheirsurroundingsfailtoprosperandsimplydieout.Ifanenvironmentchanges,whichmaymeanchangesinpredators*orfoodsupply,aswellasphysicalsurroundings,aspeciesmayneedtoadaptifitistosurvive.<br/>Whathappensinpracticeisthatoneormoreofthemyriadtinydifferencesthatoccurnaturallyinapopulationbecomeanadvantageordisadvantage.Ifthecharacteristicisanasset,thecreaturepossessingitismorelikelytosurviveandpassitontothenextgeneration.Ifitisnot,theindividual,andthecharacteristic,aremorelikelytodieout.Humans,forinstance,althoughallpartofthesamespecies,comeinmanyshapesandsizes.Althoughmodemman’scapacitytochangehisenvironmenthasreducedhisneedtoadapttoit,someofthesecouldbecomemoreorlessadvantageousifoursurroundingsweretochange.<br/>Althoughtheshark’senvironment,thesea,hasprobablybeenmoreconstantthantheone-thirdoftheglobethatisland,sharks,too,haveundergoneinnumerablechangesoverthemillennia.AsNatureexperimentedtofindherperfectfish,thereweremanysuccessesbutprobablymanymoredeadends.Someofthesearepreservedinlayersofancientrock,the“fossilrecord”,fromwherepaleontologists**laterunearththem.<br/>*predator：捕食其他动物为生的动物<br/>**paleontologist：古动物学家<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:right;">(2005年5月试题)</span>
内容
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试析戴望舒的《萧红墓畔口占》。[首都师范大学2012年研]<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">走六小时寂寞的长途，</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">到你头边放一束红山茶，</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">我等待着，长夜漫漫，</span><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">你却卧听着海涛闲话。</span>
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—Goodevening.Grandma’sRestaurant.MayIhelpyou?<br/>—Goodevening.<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">1</span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><br/>—Thankyou.MayIhaveyourname,Miss?<br/>—MaryBrown.<br/>—<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">2</span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><br/>—I’dliketoorderthe“FreeMatchingDinnerfor2”.<br/>—Yes,youmaychoosetwosoups,twodrinksandfourmaincoursefromthemenu.<br/>—<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">3</span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><br/>—areyouready.WhatKindofsoupdoyouwant?<br/>—Chickensoupandtomatosoup.<br/>—<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">4</span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><br/>—I’dlikeaplateofnoodles,twochickenwings,somebeefandabowlofrice.<br/>—<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">5</span><spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"></span><br/>—MayIcokeandsomegreentea,please.<br/>—MayIhaveyouraddress,please?<br/>—Sure,6A,kingstonCourt,BelairCardens,Shatin.<br/>—Okay,letmesee.<br/>A．MayIbookatableinyourrestaurantfortonight?<br/>B．Iwouldliketoordersomefoodfordinner.<br/>C．MissBrown,pleasetellmeyourorder.<br/>D．Howaboutyourmaincourses?<br/>E．Wouldyoulikesomedrinks?<br/>F．Okay.Letmesee.<br/>G．Andyourdrinks?
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<spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Practice3</span>Fortherestofthemonth,anepidemic(流行病)willsweepacrosstheUS.Itwillkeepkidshomefromschool.Collegestudentswillignorepilesofhomework.Employeeswillsuddenlylosetheirabilitiestoconcentrate.<br/>Thedisease,knownas“MarchMadness”,referstotheyearly65-teamUSmen’scollegebasketballtournament.ItbeginsonMarch15andlaststhroughthebeginningofApril.Teamscompeteagainsteachotherinasingleeliminationtournamentthateventuallycrownsanationalchampion.<br/>Nearly20millionAmericanswillfindthemselvesprisonersofbasketballfestivalmadness.<br/>Thefuncomespartlyfromguessingthewinnersforeverygame.Friendscompeteagainstfriends,husbandsagainstwives,andcolleaguesagainstbosses.<br/>Big-nameschoolsareusuallyfavoredtoadvanceintothetournament.Buteachyeartherearedarkhorsesfromlittle-knownuniversities.<br/>Thisaddstothemadness.Watchingateamfromaschoolwith3,000studentsbeatateamfromaschoolwith30,000,formanyAmericans,isanexcitingexperience.Lastyear,thelittle-knownGeorgeMasonUniversitywasoneofthefinalfourteams.Manypeoplehadneverevenheardoftheuniversitybeforethetournament.<br/>Collegebasketballplayersarenotpaid,sothegameismoreaboutmakinganamefortheiruniversityandthemselves.Butthatdoesn’tmeanmoneyisn’tinvolved.<br/>About$4billionwillbespentgamblingontheevent.Accordingto<em>MediaLife</em>magazine,theeventwilldrawover$500millioninadvertisingrevenuethisyear,toppingthepost-seasonrevenue,includingthatoftheNBA(全国篮球协会).
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<spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">Cloze5</span>Therewasaveryspecialteacherwhomadeafar-reachingdifferenceinmylife<br/>Fall,1959,thefirstdayofclassatBethesdaChevyChaseHighSchoolwasabouttobegin.“Who”，Iaskedasenior,“isMrs.Mcmara,my10<sup>th</sup>gradeEnglishteacher?”Hejust<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 1 </span>andsaidsomethingaboutmybeingin<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 2 </span>.Soon,Iunderstoodwhathemeant.Mrs.McNamarahadapatternof<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 3 </span>thatsherepeatedagainandagain.Wewouldhavealiteraturereadingtaskfor<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 4 </span>.Thenextday,whenwecametoclass,therewouldbetwoorthreetopicsontheblackboard<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 5 </span>tothehomeworkreading.Wewere<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 6 </span>towriteanin–classessayaboutoneofthetopics.Thefollowingday,shewould<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 7 </span>thecorrectedandgradedessaysandeachpersonwouldbecalled<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 8 </span>tostandinfrontoftheclassandto<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 9 </span>his\heressay.Theclasswererequiredtocriticize(评论)thatessay,<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 10 </span>thegradeofeveryoneinclasswouldbereduced<br/>ThefirsttimethatI<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 11 </span>herread–write–criticizemethod,Ihadnot<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 12 </span>todothehomeworkandhadwrittensomethingwithoutknowingwhatitmeant.<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 13 </span>theextremeembarrassmentIsuffered,standingbeforemyclassmates,<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 14 </span>myself.Noonelaughedatme,noonewouldbe<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 15 </span>enough,orfoolishenough,todothatinMrs.McNamara’sclass.Theembarrassmentcamefrom<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 16 </span>andalongwithitcameastrong<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 17 </span>nottoletithappenagain.<br/>Mrs.McNamarakeptallofourwrittenworkinfiles;itwaseasytoseethe<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 18 inwritingthathadoccurred.Whatwasnotsoeasytoseewastheinnertransformationthathadtakenplace,atleastforme.WhatMrs.McNamar 19 </span>metodowastoseemyselfasothersseemeand,havingdonethat,Icouldimprovemyself.AndI<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 20 </span>.Thankyou,Mrs.McNamara.<br/>1.A.noddedB.laughedC.apologizedD.shouted<br/>2.A.troubleB.sorrowCdangerD.anger<br/>3.A.behaviorB.evaluationC.activityD.thought<br/>4.A.reviewB.performanceC.practiceD.homework<br/>5.A.addedB.relatedC.contributedD.compared<br/>6.A.expectedB.persuadedC.allowedD.advised<br/>7.A.collectB.returnC.sendD.receive<br/>8.A.onpurposeB.atfirstC.bychanceD.inturn<br/>9.A.talkthroughB.handoverC.readoutD.showoff<br/>10.A.soB.andC.butD.or<br/>11.A.triedB.adoptedC.examinedD.experienced<br/>12.A.undertakenB.attemptedC.botheredD.hesitated<br/>13.A.RememberB.PredictC.BearD.Imagine<br/>14.A.playingjokesonB.makingafoolofC.settingatrapforD.takingadvantageof<br/>15.A.braveB.carelessC.proudD.selfish<br/>16.A.aboveB.withinC.behindD.below<br/>17.A.tendencyB.preferenceC.determinationD.sense<br/>18.A.improvementsB.painsC.difficultiesD.advantages<br/>19.A.trustedB.invitedC.forcedD.permitted<br/>20.A.didB.couldC.hadD.would
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练习3<br/>下記のテーマで作文(800～1000字)を書きなさい。<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">「私の読書観」</span>