举一反三
- <strong>LiterarySelectionsandAnalysis</strong><strong>（北航</strong><strong>2008</strong><strong>研）</strong><br/><alone></alone>—Andwhoisthebestpoet,Heron?askedBoland.<br/><alone></alone>—LordTennyson,ofcourse,answeredHeron.<br/><alone></alone>—O,yes,LordTennyson,saidNash.Wehaveallhispoetryathomeinabook.AtthisStephenforgotthesilentvowshehadbeenmakingandburstout:<br/><alone></alone>—Tennysonapoet!Why,he’sonlyarhymester!<br/><alone></alone>—O,getout!saidHeron.EveryoneknowsthatTennysonisthegreatestpoet.<br/><alone></alone>—Andwhodoyouthinkisthegreatestpoet?askedBoland,nudginghisneighbor.<br/><alone></alone>—Byron,ofcourse,answeredStephen.<br/><alone></alone>Herongavetheleadandallthreejoinedinascornfullaugh.<br/><alone></alone>—Whatareyoulaughingat?askedStephen.<br/><alone></alone>—You,saidHeron.Byronthegreatestpoet!He’sonlyapoetforuneducatedpeople.<br/><alone></alone>—Hemustbeafinepoet!saidBoland.<br/><alone></alone>—Youmaykeepyourmouthshut,saidStephen,turningonhimboldly.Allyouknowaboutpoetryiswhatyouwroteupontheslatesintheyardandweregoingtobesenttotheloftfor.<br/><alone></alone>Boland,infact,wassaidtohavewrittenontheslatesintheyardacoupletaboutaclassmateofhiswhooftenrodehomefromthecollegeonapony:<br/><alone></alone>AsTysonwasridingintoJerusalem<br/><alone></alone>HefellandhurthisAlecKafoozelum.<br/><alone></alone>ThisthrustputthetwolieutenantstosilencebutHeronwenton:<br/><alone></alone>—InanycaseByronwasahereticandimmoraltoo.<br/><alone></alone>—Idon’tcarewhathewas,criedStephenhotly.<br/><alone></alone>—Youdon’tcarewhetherhewasahereticornot?saidNash.<br/><alone></alone>—Whatdoyouknowaboutit?shoutedStephen.Youneverreadalineofanythinginyourlifeexceptatrans,orBolandeither.<br/><alone></alone>—IknowthatByronwasabadman,saidBoland.<br/><alone></alone>—Here,catchholdofthisheretic,Heroncalledout.InamomentStephenwasaprisoner.<br/><alone></alone>—Tatemadeyoubuckuptheotherday(5),Heronwenton,abouttheheresyinyouressay.<br/><alone></alone>—I’lltellhimtomorrow,saidBoland.<br/><alone></alone>—Willyou?saidStephen.You’dbeafraidtoopenyourlips.<br/><alone></alone>—Afraid?<br/><alone></alone>—Ay.Afraidofyourlife.<br/><alone></alone>—Behaveyourself!criedHeron,cuttingatStephen’slegswithhiscane.<br/><alone></alone>Itwasthesignalfortheironset.NashpinionedhisarmsbehindwhileBolandseizedalongcabbagestumpwhichwaslyinginthegutter.StrugglingandkickingunderthecutsofthecaneandtheblowsoftheknottystumpStephenwasbornebackagainstabarbedwirefence.<br/><alone></alone>—AdmitthatByronwasnogood.<br/><alone></alone>—No.<br/><alone></alone>—Admit.<br/><alone></alone>—No.<br/><alone></alone>—Admit.<br/><alone></alone>—No.No.<br/><alone></alone>a.Identifytheauthorandtheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.<br/><alone></alone>b.Whatisthesymbolicmeaningoftheprotagonist’sname?<br/><alone></alone>c.Describehisgrowingprocess,whichisalsocalledBildungsroman—novelsofeducation/growth.<br/><alone></alone>d.Howishispersonalityisrevealedfromtheabovementionedselections?
- <spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;"><strong>Passage1</strong></span>下面的短文有10处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词。请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌。<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;"><strong>UrbanizationandItsInfluence</strong></span><alone></alone>Overhalftheworld’speoplenowliveincities.Thelatest“GlobalReportonHumanSettlements”saysasignificantchangetookplacelastyear.Thereport<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 1 </span>(come)outthisweekfromU.N.Habitat,aUnitedNationsagency.<br/><alone></alone>Acenturyago,<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 2 </span>(little)thanfivepercentofallpeoplelivedincities.Bythemiddleofthiscenturyitcouldbeseventypercent,oralmostsixandahalfbillionpeople.<br/><alone></alone>Alreadythree-fourthsofpeoplein<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 3 </span>(develop)countriesliveincities.Nowmosturbanpopulation<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 4 </span>(grow)isinthedevelopingworld.<br/><alone></alone>Urbanizationcanleadtosocialand<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 5 </span>(economy)progress,butalsoputpressureoncitiestoprovidehousingand<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 6 </span>(service).Thenewreportsaysalmosttwohundredthousandpeoplemoveintocitiesandtownseachday.Itsaysworsening<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 7 </span>(equality),drivenbysocialdivisionsanddifferencesinwealth,couldresultinviolenceandcrimeunlesscitiesplan<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 8 </span>(good).<br/><alone></alone>Anotherissueisurbansprawl(无序扩展的城区).Thisiswherecitiesexpandquicklyintoruralareas,sometimesatamuch<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 9 </span>(fast)ratethanurbanpopulationgrowth.<br/><alone></alone>SprawliscommonintheUnitedStates.Americansmovealot.Inarecentstudy,ArtHallattheUniversityofKansasfoundthatpeopleare<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;"> 10 </span>(move)awayfromthemajorcitiestosmallerones.Heseesatrendtoward“de-urbanization”acrossthenation.
- Passage41<br/>It’snotthatweareafraidofseeinghimstumble,ofscribblingamustacheoverhiscareer.Sure,thenicepartofuswantsMiketoknowweappreciatehim,thathestillreigns,atleastinourmemory.Thetruth,though,isthatwedon’twanthimtocomebackbecauseevenforMichaelJordan,thiswouldbeanactofhubrissomonumentalastomakehistrademarkconfidencetwistintoconceit.Wedon’twanthimbackonthecourtbecausenoonelikesashow-off.Thestumbling?Thatwillbefun.<br/><alone></alone>Butwearenicepeople,weAmericans,with225yearsofoptimismatourbacks.DaysagowhenM.J.saidhehadmadeadecisionaboutreturningtotheNBAinSeptember,wegotexcited.Hehadsaidthedaybefore,“Ilookforwardtoplaying,andhopefullyIcangettothatpointwhereIcanmakethatdecision.It’sO.K.,tohavesomedoubt,andit’sO.K.tohavesomenervousness.”ATime/CNNpolllastweekhasAmericans,2to1,sayingtheywouldlikehimonthecourtASAP.Andonly21percentthoughtthatifhecamebackandjustcompletelybombed,itwoulddamagehislegend.Infactonly28percentthinkathletesshouldretireattheirpeak.<br/><alone></alone>SourcesclosetohimtellTimethatwhenJordanfirsttalkedaboutacomebackwiththeWashingtonWizards,theteamJordanco-ownsandwouldplayfor,someofhistrustedadvisersprivatelytriedtodiscouragehim.“Buttheysayiftheytrytostophim,itwillonlyfirmuphisresolve,”saysanNBAsource.<br/><alone></alone>TheproblemwithJordan’sreturnisnotonlythathecan’tpossiblyliveuptothestorybookendinghegaveupin1998—earninghissixthringwithalast-secondchampionship-winningshot.Theproblemisthatthemotivesforcomingback—needingtheattention,needingtoplayevenwhenhis38-year-oldbodydoesnot—violatetheverymythofJordan,themythofabsolutecontrol.BabeRuth,the20thcentury’sfirststar,wasagustoffatbravadoanddrunkentalent,whileJordanendedthecenturybyprovingtheeleganceofresolve;Babe’spointingtothebleachersreplacedbythecharmofabackpedalingshouldershrug.Jordansymbolizedsuccessbynotsullyinghisbrandwithhispolitics,hisopinionorsuperstarpersonality.TobeaJordanfanwastobeafanofclassinessandconfidence.<br/><alone></alone>TocomebackwhenheknowsthatplayingforWizardswon’tgethimanywherenearthesecondroundoftheplay-offs,whenheknowsthathewon’tbetheleaguescoringleader,that’salossofcontrol.<br/><alone></alone>Jordandoesnotcarewhatwethink.Friendssaythathetakesarticlesthattellhimnottocomebackandtacksthemallonhisrefrigeratorasinspiration.Sowhybotherwritingsomethingtellinghimnottocomeback?HeisstillMichaelJordan.
- <strong>Directions:Youaresupposedtofillthefollowingblankswithwordsorexpressionsthatbestexpresstheideasorthecontextualmeaningofthesentences,basedonthereadingyouhavedoneinBritishandAmericanliterarystudies.</strong><br/><alone></alone>Baconhasbeencalledthefatherof____,forhisworksestablishedandpopularizedinductivemethodologiesforscientificinquiry,oftencalledtheBaconianmethod.
- Practice4<br/>CharlesDarwindidn’twanttomurderGod,asheonceputit.Buthedid.Hedidn’twanttodefyhisfellowCantabrigians,hisgentlemanlyVictoriansociety,hisdevoutwife.Buthedid.Hewaited20yearstopublishhistheoryofnaturalselection,but—fittingly,afteranotherscientistthreatenedtobefirst—hedid.<br/><alone></alone>BeforeDarwin,mostpeopleacceptedsomeversionofbiblicalcreation.Humanswereseenastheapotheosisofgodlyarchitecture.Humanscouldthusbeanaccidentofnaturalselection,notadirectproductofGod.Worriesabouthowmuchhistheorywouldshakesocietyexacerbatedthestrangeillnesseshesuffered.It’salsoworthnotingthatDarwin’slifewasn’tDarwinian:heachievedhiswealththroughinheritance,notcompetition,andsomemightsayhissicklychildrensufferedbecausetheywereinbred.<br/><alone></alone>Darwin’stheoriesstillprovokeopposition.OnehundredandfortyyearsafterTheOriginofSpecies,backersofcreationismhavemadeacomebackinstateslikeKansas,pushingevolutionoutoftheschoolroom.YetDarwinismremainsoneofthemostsuccessfulscientifictheorieseverpromulgated.Thereishardlyanelementofhumanity—notcapitalism,notgenderrelations,certainlynotbiology—thatcanbefullyunderstoodwithoutitshelp.