Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and birds.

l What is coronavirus? This is a very large outbreak. This is Dr. Bill Schaffner, I’m an [1] isease specialist and public health person. Coronaviruses are a whole family of viruses. For the most part, they don’t cause any real clinical illness except the [2] . But you know, from time to time, there’s a rogue coronavirus that develops. We remember SARS 2002, 2003. And then there was another, the MERS virus, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus. This new virus, like those other rogue viruses, probably was first [3] to humans from animals.

The ____1____（novelty）coronavirus(冠状病毒) has much in common ____2___ seasonal flu.They are both viral infections, share similar symptoms and crucially(关键地） can spread from human to human. In the midst of flu season in much of the northern hemisphere, ____3___(tell) the difference between the two will be vital in stopping its spread. Human coronaviruses, of which there are four, can cause respiratory (呼吸道)infections similar to flu: while many symptoms are mild, both can lead to pneumonia（肺炎） and become lethal（致命的）. ___4___, the novel coronavirus is more serious than __5__ "typical influenza infection,(流感)"says Ian Jones, a professor of virology at the University of Reading. "This virus appears to go___6___(far) down into the lungs than would generally be the case. Therefore, it will give you___7___ (symptom) of pneumonia(肺炎): the lungs becoming flooded, they don't function very well and the patient gets into breathing difficulty." While the mortality rates and symptoms of flu and novel coronavirus may end up being similar, humans' ability ___8____(fight) off the viruses differs greatly. Humans have naturally built up antibodies to seasonal flu and annual vaccines____9____(develop) to fight it. During a pandemic (流行病), which the new coronavirus has the potential to become, "there is no immunity (免疫性) in the population so you have potential for a ___10___(globe) spread," warns Jones.

阅读下面这篇短文，根据短文内容选择正确的答案。 1.A new coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 10000 people since the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December.Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans. 2. "What we know is that it causes pneumonia （肺炎）and then doesn't respond to antibiotic（抗生素） treatment, which is not surprising, but then in terms of mortality （死亡率）, SARS kills 10% of the individuals,"Poon, a virologist（病毒学家）at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said. 3.The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients. 4.Here are seven things you should know about a coronavirus. 5.Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic（人畜共患病）, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 6.The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illness（上呼吸道疾病）, similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache and maybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days. 7.For those with a weakened immune system,the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia orbronchitis [brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs]（支气管炎）. 8.There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly. 9.Middle East Respiratory Syndrome（中东呼吸综合征）, also known as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems, but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to the CDC. 10.Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome（严重急性呼吸综合征）, also known as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China, according to the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [ˌdaɪəˈriə]（腹泻）, fatigue （疲劳）,shortness of breath, respiratory distress （呼吸窘迫） and kidney failure （肾衰）.Depending on the patient's age, the death rate with SARS ranged from0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable（易受伤害的）. When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions（分泌物）. Depending on how virulent（有毒的）the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure. The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth,nose or eyes. Caregivers (护理人员) can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste, according to the CDC. 1. Which of the following can explain the underlined word in paragraph 1 ?