PartB<br/>Directions:<em>ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.</em><br/>Threecommonwaysofrememberingare:repetition,association,andexaggeration.<br/>Repetitionisthekeytolongtermmemory.61)<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">Physiologically,whenbraincellsareactivatedbythememoryprocess,thenervecellcoatingbecomesthickerandthickerwitheachrepetition,strengtheningtheelectricalpathwayinbrainthatconstitutesmemory.</span>Inaddition,whenassociationsbetweenpartsofathingrememberedareformed,thenervecellbodysendsoutaxonrunnerstootherassociatedmemorycells.Theserunnersfromonecellconnecttorunnersonothercells.62)<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">Asthepathwayisusedrepetitiously,thesurroundingcellsbecomelargerandmoretightlywrappedaroundtheelectricallyconductivepathways,therebytransformingthememoryfromashort-termmemorytoalong-termmemory.</span><br/>Memoriesofsimilarobjectsresideinnearbyregionsofthebrain,whilememoriesofexoticorexaggeratedobjectsarefartheraway.63)<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">Byformingmemorieswithcreativeandunusualassociations,manymorepathwaysareestablished,muchlikeaspiderweavinganeverbiggerweb,inwhicheachpartleadstothecenterbymanyinterconnectedpathways.</span><br/>Memorylinksarealsoestablishedwhenavarietyofsensationsandmuscularactivityareengaged.64)I<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">ndeed,somepeopleseemtobemoreproficientatlearningbyeitherseeing,hearingorwriting,butnoonemethodcanprovidethemorenumerouspathwaysprovidedbyallthreeincombination.</span><br/>Memoryisenhancednotonlybyrepetition,butalsobyassociationandexaggerationofcertainfeaturesoftheobject.Manymemoriesarerecalledasseriesofobjects.Forinstance,amemorydevicemrememberfourcommonlogicalfallaciesisapictureoftheEarth,withthegreencontinentsandblueoceans,viewedfromouterspacewithaflightofwhitegeesecirclingaroundit.Thisimageisusedtorecallthestatement“geesecircleeverycontinent.“Thefirstlettersofthatstatementstandforthelogicfallaciesofgeneralization,circularities,either/or,andcauseandeffect.<br/>Size,also,seemstoplayaroleinmemorization.DuringtheMiddleAges,memorycontestswereheldannually.Inone,thewinnerrememberedonehundredthousandsequentialitems.Atime-provenmemorymethodfromtheMiddleAgesisassociationofabstractideastolargeobjects.65)<spanstyle="text-decoration:underline;">Theobjectsusedfortriggerrecallseemtoneedtobeaboutthesizeofahuman,sothat,ifwewereblind,wecouldidentifytheobjectbytouch.</span>Largeobjectsinthememoryseemtoengagemuscularmemoryareasaswellassightmemoryareasinthebrainandexpandthememoryweb.Forinstance,rememberingthepointsofaspeechaboutamilitarybattlemightinvolvingwalkingfromoneroomtoanotherinafamiliarhouse.