Carnitine

Some athletes believe that dietary carnitine supplements will enhance their ability to perform aerobic exercise. Which statement BEST describes the “scientific” basis of this belief? A: Carnitine is required in the transport of medium and long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, and so increasing the amount of carnitine will increase the rate of transport. B: Carnitine activates carnitine-acyl transferase-1 (CAT-I) thereby increasing the rate of transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. C: Carnitine levels in the cytoplasm are reduced when large amounts of fatty acyl carnitine are transported into the mitochondrial matrix. D: Carnitine enhances the activation of fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA, thereby increasing the rate of their transport into the mitochondrial matrix.

Carnitine can inhibit the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids.（）

类黄酮 A: carnitine B: flavonoid C: coenzyme D: resveratrol

名词解释：肉毒碱穿梭系统（carnitine shuttle system）

The synthesis of fatty acids USES carnitine to transport acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm.（）

You are examining a patient who exhibits fasting hypoglycemia and need to decide between a carnitine deficiency and a carnitine acyltransferase 2 deficiency as the possible cause. You order a blood test to specifically examine the levels of which one of the following?

In fatty acid biosynthesis, which compound transports acetyl groups from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm？（） A: Coenzyme A B: Carnitine C: ACP D: Citric acid

The inhibition of carnitine acyltransferase I by malonyl-CoA ensures that the oxidation of fatty acids is inhibited whenever the liver is amply supplied with glucose as fuel and is actively making triacylglycerols from excess glucose.

Carnitine is: A: an essential cofactor for the citric acid cycle. B: essential for intracellular transport of fatty acids. C: one of the amino acids commonly found in protein. D: present only in carnivorous animals.