某内可逆狄塞尔循环压缩比[tex=2.286x1.0]32eZHIlXAPigG+koCpBlVMT17GL+56ahSSxrXC6DMLI=[/tex], 定压预胀比[tex=1.857x1.214]IbK3mVEauX/IUrRVKwesFg==[/tex], 定熵压缩前[tex=3.286x1.071]fLdrYANFwRVeskkzhY6y1kSnKXVcpZNxd9vvqvbXnfg=[/tex],[tex=4.5x1.214]HdDfvXRnK4pZf3BAaDy1lw==[/tex], 定压加热过程中工质从[tex=3.143x1.071]pLDZ6l/Bz22B9M2zUby6rl5letN07uiVe7KziufEU2s=[/tex]的热源吸热; 定容放热过程中气体向[tex=3.643x1.286]WlxBMa4lmVHPw3ywiRJqkeBcGjVt3mrHr6/rmGQYMDU=[/tex]、[tex=4.857x1.214]KApLYliq/5Ud6Y1hmrC48A==[/tex]的大气放热, 若工质为空气, 比热容可取定值, [tex=8.571x1.357]qYVQ117aXNGgwHA2Hl17FMEeDypbkbsyfaBSSqXAEWg=[/tex]、[tex=7.786x1.357]+V+JlSNJ9OvUFDjL30oVf1mYW/OVhCdqPZV0kwX/bMw=[/tex], 计算:（1）定熵压缩过程终点的压力和温度及循环最高温度和最高压力；（2）循环热效率和潼效率；（3）吸、放热过程的作功能力损失：（4）在给定热源间工作的热机的最高效率。
据题意: [tex=19.357x1.214]H/AahUvZ5VnYYN0vhxXCJMhruwaZfllS489KgopXwTEPJaB0r2VkKvy8g/2iWpZPlsHRIk8uGmAUFJmS2GIwfjyls+uD5/KK8oAGB7gN6MY=[/tex]。[tex=22.214x2.643]/T2BfFWB5nhIq2Ce6DHzRsu0HQ5ZCrzERuyFXKjifRnfo8KxAq1UO9Gnx5ebnPxZMWy7LMWXtUB2okQIHlGtKwZGYVDXzKL+n3ZQUqy6UCwv0NSPTNMT2wLPesy9bMl3hyMlPhmloIy0Lg+Xk6mMyVLDEfqZdTx8mDiwCifuvOY=[/tex][tex=16.286x2.5]czKFXpah/FLJUtWaBzcxgr7N4MfRqRLq5PbJeiL4cj46O5jhn5BS2fRGRUmppXrRfE/IUrApGVBfSKpU9qr1s5YVhBoSK2Lcf0wu/yhloV2TMx1m2cDWvDBFo0qReK8n[/tex][tex=20.714x2.786]hxMvnZhOwMGmYWXDICvmauH6OoxJk2dwQtcWY1qCXP4RkqXBsGaGPNBJzZQsfwV5gxUronLOX/OlY9bC37c19OafFRD9768gL5jhktXp+CaHbmQPXfZS9te4YTC/qM1p9oCjHsUwqa2tdAbSqH2BVQ==[/tex][tex=23.071x2.786]WJ/WO9j4JN8ttYCo51obrgB8CS6AfZMzeVNB68DLSopUQqt8jB9E+2SlqYMfoAewSZhayaPFtY9s6sP6+4UV8Sx9omW0Dy3H2WPxl/zJ/zq8e/2jzAYCI7Phdysq/HwdHIeTyXe22VW4imrA5F3uzEMXrM/qho8X/Avv2xcSUpQ=[/tex][tex=10.286x1.214]AibCqMTw1XH7I6cCHRO0xc1fqyOgeUBnaFfBTg1wk/HzlEpIWluVxHyKzjhx6sU1[/tex][tex=20.143x2.286]fJKd9cM40yWD7Y9PTOXkMpX5Oh4VBm0tye1XW5WhnQP19avBnTY2MhVKWJP84Ge/HMqXVSSyS5Gd3M3nISWH72qESnCoZzukB9e1M4Kw7kHRCJVr0tIrBT5+eP9Ut8ra[/tex][tex=19.0x2.286]HXsJlT6hkjMfNRweuSRA6cYurZxWm3WfTUTx/U4RV24fvdLEaMPC2tKiPNYsNpFLcikESlnsI9vXuBtcFcsEBea91IeKCDhwGs6JOkQzQWB6a3fSb8aCU5iwnUNMGK+9[/tex][tex=26.143x3.0]+XKCOtUo64FbDNGRdd9fINmapb8zjq1xqF8rtQJLL8clRpPg4yTz8TXziSC6W9p097V8Ffhocnoqbd54WuBCIFENBcDoffsYqMrX0DUl2KZCpZpSfJ2i2crdu1dUlBofWN6y2AbYOvMQgxY85YklzZRs0JB4vv7JHxUF8dfySNlt8+a78Ip8wTYwR50GloUFJjVtVxPJwuriqtV7X4vZmg==[/tex]（2）循环热效率和潼效率[tex=29.5x1.357]+u3kSoO+aVIIGMirkt6M0tuIqOQe2zbG9UEoDlgaycpWAU++at3tBrqTtPKzASoyNcUke7WlDXDIR/dHiEibVIFmmlpWC4QBrxGa8RyHi5ewGga/p60fxW/bsm445RJudmOMF7ZpVGQj02B+ibfrCg==[/tex][tex=29.0x1.357]Y/lA9HhFjdoVtqoZMaxw6pfLJm7RWxWL723eLhSrL+36A4ld/dQEMQ9AP8zGEjDJ89+skpQj+n10/5Kinu3c+7aaxzHTXFSC+AkjVMKJ1ZWq1mRsTa6AZOEsvG944VWHe3Jo1ZJaBpkY3rWgJZhM7A==[/tex][tex=15.643x2.714]BZi4y1aR4oszyryT+kFst2Ma+GQ7QJyNGQLXixXw2vS76wSu0FiX9oK3kPkHrPNCdEEdEa+yRHU87RihVWm56ciBVVETJ9+tgvh644jiTv3wDafOgkgNc9EK2XdXLyo8[/tex][tex=19.286x1.357]SXCih7MrXytmpktx2W75s/RwFKH/lqny28NRlQGJlQQ8+B9433wUE9wsromix8yHmi5kIOe1TciG0rO4EwH2Y9zkj9JvWbmVYDbSMinD7HE=[/tex]热源放热量的可用能[tex=28.286x2.786]7DhePnFsfUgHNmIn3NxWsgc0CflcLNQdPUIkG8bt2m0OW4fjVQBFVFW4s5B81GsUhVD3K5gHncwC54usaqGc/BKJHIXHbW8HXmvfNe4l9Vn/OtsfEHM3FOaV4dgHNiVaXoG6ABMTbnMDfiZEb1creUIVFs3jtUwSFGGT7B5McUTrFVJne+8Xj+Swamux5jEZ[/tex][tex=14.0x2.714]Xr8fpobZQ+eOufVANGIESoSGvvqk9k8MNfs4NqdGWTMI30LiWu+3MIeW//lZez6wSeXs4OHbPVBdjDmlTF4OA6fRxpYFH4rFpcU74mSUmmUS5GrJ5V87kdZkBINdSGpA[/tex]或[tex=15.643x1.5]Y4nSLRz0CH+MjBt93OUNzCmGC2IYzcUrlDPe+tceNFAaN+zoP64q2NGsnY5I6Pfm7PQL4D1HQViaB4k0l8K+iRtNEsm89YDEK7oQ+MK+Ii8=[/tex][tex=4.643x2.286]gdMeEiK8ebBRqp0UIggWvCkuD3QnyazBUOx9o39gkgEMIqPhcyA/LOA4OWsloDD3[/tex][tex=20.357x2.429]0460PcoztRrvjYF5wwktft0EVfF/5h3meylROwJJeFGXkI8jFgrNLF9khOJ51KOaykb1eCHwtli3HYcc1vmJgGO5xB7Hh2xxl3LgHGlynMgRUz7xv83RgPivONq79rfi[/tex][tex=22.786x1.357]Wos1G1TJL2nlWZsJcUaXMMxg+LYssJuNuYoul7XlL3mZWR7qGxbvgtoO9apM/jtjyim4kI6iXh61/qpgEZ/D6cVY9pkEuSXBpq+Tl5vyXHvNfXW4UnqkVFhxBhcRVTmy[/tex][tex=20.357x2.714]ECNa8YvKlWXpRtl1D+xPYnB5Am2eN8TFdLphzJw7k78//9CjgCO3giO8kThp1CrUw/DyD5OucZH3IyfLAzCHEECOThauSjTFm7jBAvFgZNkIsYMy1mBFw3LISc7Iuh3uKaF6FR98sMrrO7WmWOGq+liFmkJBfLRuQpISUQVWXp4=[/tex]（3）吸热过程和放热过程的作功能力损失[tex=27.714x3.0]TMUx3g6mARQbwrshDXoZin1ToZXEiPXwhDutxxbctqJuiR3i37OVg3H2ceifRqFRHPcKT2SR4DyDTaPETOIZOKttqJ9y9/omWk/xqfCAmfcR35L3FwEPy74S2VoiVFh3JMV1xCdWCmHXgVhy9pcxmefYcEQLpWwkWNeLY8GP9QFpSypuD7g0D0nH925s8+oq1dhCOIxiZB5ZQnPecgk9w/XlIE5n7ylvx/+LgEGvX0/5yrR3vPHtBGvoaitcm2E3[/tex][tex=30.286x2.357]Z163lNU9qN8TSNgB6ZPBnbp7DiWOk0574hfMQmGJOEqBBk8e7vd44ogske9KfRMr8j6W4NumDQwqW5qTq1J3RckM4w+fjzvtiwqAyk7wzT9nbZDGzoxwaP0vG7SHb6Ym/mbSknPs/72Q2Nq7j2Bu9tpIxZ1IGbBkLl+QtOP3TdBSFjFkuqwialxMkjwud/vk7NExHoA+Xn2f0pUM64efhw==[/tex][tex=24.643x1.286]EVqqJEK0v49cFreQCIadQ8D5Xsml/9y7IsX8QnOmEowrCF/rG6rk1GykQAw+rB/S5nIReh3/cewYGc0Ryt2xKGUgwgWM1TI4Gmibc0jn92dCuaqUjB+u0Po4i4ohTCHL[/tex]或[tex=22.071x2.786]IpqzUHEZAmsIOkIXbzhbx485gK6fEwMOkKDa/qiS+CwKlA/jKTNrbpgQtLTmN9/FmjMrG6YoEKB3Grnfv1+rc1A+Q8NeVDW6Wml7I2gzj3aIUUH9h6Ru8dbj59cAaO9k7yRQ0lXA6ZwcguJQ0canQxUAsA7dLHvS+jGZ1UqDpYvqQjYbXWF/DBSxHaSijdsIqWaH4yZz9qfBvtXZnJ0BEQ==[/tex][tex=33.071x2.786]XksNB/nMQmcNkdKI2PyKkrK2uTtyXGtCD0OuWQZCtS6aHiPOZmqnmLFSsIi/+tgrGTxh6jEeJc/Q/3zK6LKejAsiYe9c7OE3FaA4jMAE6/mrihnaNlcNFNa/IMf/qlzvFnJhaX3jwM6Bu7r7VQWcp14wIzNmujV+/icuFvtfbD/cQa/rFQ1eugXA5V3XLn/S[/tex][tex=21.929x2.786]sRg72sD7XLjva6uiDUW/029FgnLd2hYI+qet79SVY/M0jYnoHpiNg9Vt1jJ1btJDyIiuQDV9tbZThSLkA1RF+OG+0fob7rU+rYDrN7zxQqxBHurJ37yMBLCFYVh06VsbYQT0yiRyXYt3GRj2/iiNrdofEmsk9F9X93I1kVomkhdMV+sP2EfxHKyv3Nviort0g420K7C7Y4xkDjzyIq1fiQ==[/tex][tex=32.286x2.786]XksNB/nMQmcNkdKI2PyKkgf4qtxHyfWLPrUgBwq0GPTqMHMuQSpDRy5vcRG30WgmHCjFinkPIoRi1/+hKG8WFVby1BEYzncNZVePdm6UL48v3JgPRgvz7ASYW2u9zRJ1Y78Qk1CT3d+KyhIRu8eRO0GEPOOx/onA8g2dPkqh3gDL+Sq0fZVilq24G6C21PEV[/tex]校核：[tex=31.643x1.286]HG+wZLfygGX9dri+2UGGCwj9N6U0p+n871R6aYGjG/ORgtArIl0IeFgUXq+uE2XDAk777Qhu9XDrNMn3lMgP4chIxSNTnmuda9NaDKvv8K6eWF6wJTtzVZRIa0Y86qtS[/tex]（4）在给定热源间工作的热机的最高效率[tex=16.429x2.143]FiMFAC8RQJcbif9K+68QtKLDf4idatYpVFD33ZGn++8VQh6RcM9EmkRhI2ejExJLD6X9z24XrNd2t8ezFiwFdffgKBJYNLBtfFrksbCdya0=[/tex]请考虑下述分析是否正确，为什么？热源放热的热量潼与工质在加热过程中热力学能潼增加量的差即为过程潼损失，故[tex=26.643x9.5]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[/tex]错！因气体在定压吸热过程中膨胀，对外作功，所以加热过程损失为[tex=22.357x1.357]tKLSNwYqzufbfybpEKDBUYPfg+f99X2Z+XJxB67mzZHd4wmtmQOdkcOdybmDSYqBStfbXyLZbAQITB5SV01TB/89qre/fCEfHgDHHJk4sAKa1w3AbZ7Ng3XMBUMXQLgVLFMTFWSOrJ3wKzUCeKcjsTDOL0WJCsh6MufU9cuQikQ=[/tex][tex=35.071x1.5]qE0LgIvXXNgTqaheg19iMieqwenMeaf1aZ7HibdrTYTvblMUaMUncCYB0XvqBRvuZLCtwRDs3ZpICuwGRN/VmjWIrns1IVfDfoeSwBxAhlt/+wyrsh0VH3nVJrWBEV4E[/tex]
举一反三
- 若某内可逆奥托循环压缩比为[tex=1.786x1.0]vB9PlLbmOi0jD88yAqBxRg==[/tex], 工质自[tex=3.143x1.071]Le9nJTMq8d3i9L5sDJ9vVmVgo5XQGgW8Cyaw2pGAInQ=[/tex]高温热源定容吸热, 向[tex=2.143x1.071]mQ4jYw0Eyn984oFfgo/dUb9+q2DccIP6uXMLb3jy99o=[/tex]的环境介质定容放热。工质在定熵压缩前压力为[tex=3.214x1.0]hi01q8gaj2FybTQnIylXPg==[/tex]，温度为[tex=2.143x1.071]KOkGO6ry3p0aKuiUDdvH4g==[/tex]；吸热过程结束后温度为[tex=2.643x1.071]EyWxVuKYiUyPtoEvNGJHT4R3n2nsuZ0c0eucbaPxYt8=[/tex], 假定气体比热容可取定值, 且[tex=12.571x1.286]pkoQQ19soWwnsBtNr0AQ7FgXqWyZNqWH9CDwF/S8hG8OQG/rj0N+f0FiCbepRuYnJnwPEP53aGQdrRvHFPhJOQ==[/tex], 环境大气压[tex=5.071x1.214]yI/pfAoUSuT317MxlX6vwQ==[/tex]，求（1）循环中各状态点的压力和温度；（2）循环热效率；（3）吸、放热过程作能力损失和循环潼效率
- 有一活塞式内燃机定压加热理想循环 (见图 9-2) 的压缩比[tex=3.143x1.214]QkKWPx05rRvXmdWY/5m/NYqicrWwS/Wh6tQm7WAY3iI=[/tex] 工质取空气 比热容取定值, [tex=2.643x1.0]AQCxoSWOv6B/hfJv0NiBYQOSn7t44DWmycMf4S44YN0=[/tex], 循环作功冲程的 [tex=1.357x1.143]kzBAHb9gySASfMzHvXAtug==[/tex] 为定压加热过程, 压缩冲程的初始状态为 [tex=8.357x1.214]3va2ev7cwX7acqGb8vMY9iQTg6H4pKawe785IcofCd+F0mhTWEIWg1rJmahoa6/mQAQW0FTe9Yu9zviwZIytcQ==[/tex] 。求: (1) 循环中每个过程的初始压力和温度; (2) 循环热效率
- 试将满足以下要求的多变过程表示在 [tex=2.214x1.143]lCD1xNTUyDBoWA+30wGLbg==[/tex]和 [tex=2.286x1.143]7NRb1tA7wB/kaeScVjk7kg==[/tex]图上 先标出四个基本热力过程):(1) 工程膨胀、吸热且降温（2）工质压缩、放热且升洫; (3) 工质压缩, 吸热, 且升温; (4) 工质压缩、降温且降压; (5) 工质 放热、降温且升压; (6) 工质澎胀, 且升压
- 试将满足以下要求的多变过程表示在[tex=2.071x1.214]akJWhirIPGkibqattPPTQw==[/tex]和[tex=1.857x1.143]eLXunkvKvBY/yrxnFO5DgA==[/tex]图上（先标出四个基本热力过程）：（1）工质膨胀、吸热且降温：（2）工质压缩、放热且升温：（3）工质压缩，吸热，且升温；（4）工质压缩、降温且降压；（5）工质放热、降温且升压；（6）工质膨胀，且升压。
- 活塞式内燃机定容加热循环的参数为：[tex=5.857x1.286]I0n55kmj8vgjWsXug35QMALITTSH+u1ceG0JHBjlGrM=[/tex]、[tex=4.286x1.286]myaVz6Z3Hyh+g+4qq+GO2cX+Rp5q98NNKWOknEsaS6A=[/tex]，压缩比[tex=3.0x1.286]TZLqaNaDcv0oZQmqHd6/nRzQR3U7LjfAvhIBQH3qfjc=[/tex]，加热量[tex=6.286x1.286]WhAQgfoMCsTLv3BFkmQQTOYAUDObSm+zNgtnXIBjCAk=[/tex]。假设工质为空气 及比热容为定值，试求循环各点的状态、循环净功及循环热效率。若活塞式内燃机定容加热循环的压缩比由6.5提高到8，试求循环热效率的变化及平均吸热温度和平均放热温度的变化。
内容
- 0
一活塞气缸装置中的气体经历了 2 个过程。从状态 1 到状态 2, 气体吸热[tex=2.643x1.0]uBMoq0QqC3ET5wBMRUJHbA==[/tex],活塞对外做功 [tex=2.643x1.0]6ge6u5+vu0FllGtreqBcMw==[/tex]。从状态 2 到状态 3 是一个定压的压缩过程,压力为 [tex=4.5x1.214]VE07taBW0aoijKB7N2a4DA==[/tex], 气体向外散热 [tex=2.643x1.0]BzXBqiSL+hl19DifABQMTw==[/tex]。并且已知 [tex=4.929x1.214]tCgAsyUS+TvJhlY7WOQz+A==[/tex], [tex=4.929x1.214]pxZ+OM2+7z6N0XO/1rwynQ==[/tex], 试计算 2-3 过程中气体体积的变化。
- 1
一热机由温度为 [tex=2.643x1.071]KrBq/9jgD3LtR38hiK+OQA==[/tex]的高温热源吸热，向温度为 [tex=2.643x1.071]WxFGsjg8aAJ3SEtcAc3ryA==[/tex]的低温热源放热。若热机在最大效率下工作，且每一循环吸热[tex=2.571x1.0]b4au8zhHPiSknVzWoaqFRw==[/tex]，则此热机每一循环作功多少?
- 2
活塞式内燃机混合加热循环的参数为:[tex=7.571x1.286]QBKo2oQwUdaEVBeM1lW32Qb9qvEu6MJTjgSmMksmIMw=[/tex]=17 °C， 压缩比ε =16，压力升高比[tex=0.643x1.0]7dwHQGHL24uGORI8NryViw==[/tex]=1.4，预胀比[tex=2.643x1.214]frkDk3+mFNPQ8QvfD9riBA==[/tex]。假设工质为空气且比热容为定值，试求循环各点的状态、循环功及循环热效率。
- 3
一热机从温度为[tex=2.643x1.071]KrBq/9jgD3LtR38hiK+OQA==[/tex] 的高温热源吸热, 向温度为[tex=2.643x1.071]WxFGsjg8aAJ3SEtcAc3ryA==[/tex]的低温热源放热, 若热机在最大效率下工作, 且每一循环吸热 [tex=2.571x1.0]b4au8zhHPiSknVzWoaqFRw==[/tex], 则此热机每一循环做功为______[tex=0.571x1.0]qmbwF4Pp2sLBvOFTeKQ/mA==[/tex].
- 4
有容量分别为[tex=3.286x1.286]pCZ+fPe3X5XtlIcXCf6RGw==[/tex]和[tex=3.286x1.286]JjWMjbwalVPPThZBywJsLQ==[/tex]的独立随机样本得到下述观测结果， （X、 Y为观测值， f为频数）X 12.3 12.5 12.8 13.0 13.5 Y 12.2 12.3 13.0f 1 2 4 2 1 f 6 8 2现已知变量X、Y的总体均呈正态分布。请问在0.05的显著性水平下，可否认为这两个总体属同一分布？[tex=24.786x1.286]OVWwFMgiPzBDnRSqBYypUv4puOxaqZVbzeGoYhEt/ZwiQxP0kGgAAWuaJInyBhH09xLkSWqB6n3qd1WXaKpfvwUNfmmVSMJTzi4wz4IT6q4=[/tex][tex=8.429x1.286]AcUD6cTXhAghaQMem3GRbFMfFVpZHcyA3tP0z+S7RAk=[/tex] [tex=13.357x1.357]ZPe8nXNlBeMmW2cEA+D6DaqP/loFbcVH2QukDH1SMofLM6E74nDyl0WrH8imm/Ai[/tex]