Whatever hesays, you can be sure that he is thinking the ______(oppose).

经营一家小企业 A: runningamell B: runasmallbusiness C: manage D: ontheotherhand

Thestudy’sultimateaim,hesays,isto“weakenconventionalnotionsofrace”thatcauseracialprejudice.“that”means_______________________ A: weakenconventionalnotionsofrace B: conventionalnotionsofrace C: race D: ultimateaim

中国大学MOOC:a)Earlychildhoodeducationprogramsprovidecognitivebenefitswellbeyondpreschool.b)Recentstudiesthatcomparestudenttestscoresshowthatchildrenwhoareexposedtostructuredlearningactivitiesoutsidethehomeenvironmentarebetterabletoadapttoformalizedinstructioningradeskindergartenthroughthirdgradethanchildrenwhoremainathome.c)Thisisparticularlytrueamongchildrenfromlow-incomefamiliesandchildrenwhoseparentshavealimitedproficiencyinEnglish.d)Childrenlivinginstatesthatdonotprovideearlychildhoodprograms,ontheotherhand,lagbehindtheirpeers.e)Stateandlocalgovernmentsmustcontinuetobridgetheachievementgapsothatstudentsmayreachtheirfullpotentialatanearlyage.Whichsentence(s)give(s)illustration?___________

他是一个能干的人，但是另一方面，他对别人要求太多了。(ontheotherhand)

SoonafterstartinghisjobassupervisoroftheMemphis,Tenn.,publicschools,KrinerCashorderedanassessmentofhisnewdistrict’s104,000students.Whatmostconcernedhimwasthatthenumberofstudentsconsidered“highlymobile,”meaningtheyhadmovedatleastonceduringtheschoolyear,hadballoonedto34,000.Atleastl,500studentswerehomeless—probablymore.Itledhimtothinkoveranunusualsuggestion:Whatifthebestwaytohelpkidsinpoverty-strickenurbanneighborhoodsistogetthemout? CashisnowcallingforMemphistocreatearesidential.schoolfor300to400kidswhoseparentsareinfinancialdistress.Hisproposalisattheforefront(最前线)ofabroadernationaltrend.Publicboardingschoolsarehardlyanewconcept.Butpubliclyfinancingboardingschoolsforinnercitykidsisaverydifferentsuggestion. IfCash’sdreambecomesareality,itwillprobablylookalotlikeSEED(SchoolsforEducationalEvolutionandDevelopment),whose320studentsliveoncampusfivedaysaweek. Perhapstheprovocative(引起争论的)aspectofCash’sproposalistofocusonstudentsingrade3through5.Homelessnessisgrowingsharplyamongkidsatthatcriticalage,whenmuchoftheireducationalfoundationisset,Cashsays.Hisaim:topreventilliteracyandclearotherlearningroadblocksearly,sotheproblem“won’tmigrateintomiddleandhighschool.”Studentswillremainoncampusyear-round.“Itsoundsveryexciting,butthedevilisinthedetails”saysEllenBassuk,presidentoftheNationalCenteronFamilyHomelessnessinNewton,Mass.“What’sitliketoseparateathird-orfifth-graderfromtheirparents?” ItmayhelptoconsidertheexperienceofSEEDstudentMansurMuhammad,17.Whenhearrivedsevenyearsago,thefirstfewweeksweretough.ButMuhammadhasn’tlookedback.Hemaintainsa8.2GPAandreshelvesbooksintheschool’slibraryfor$160everycoupleofdays,whenhe’snotinhisroomlisteningtoraporclassicalmusicandwritingpoetry.Inspiredbyateacher,Muhammadisworkingonabook.“Itwasalongroadformetogethere,”hesays,“andIhavealongwaytogo.” “Inner-citykids”aremostprobablychildrenwho_____.

SoonafterstartinghisjobassupervisoroftheMemphis,Tenn.,publicschools,KrinerCashorderedanassessmentofhisnewdistrict’s104,000students.Whatmostconcernedhimwasthatthenumberofstudentsconsidered“highlymobile,”meaningtheyhadmovedatleastonceduringtheschoolyear,hadballoonedto34,000.Atleastl,500studentswerehomeless—probablymore.Itledhimtothinkoveranunusualsuggestion:Whatifthebestwaytohelpkidsinpoverty-strickenurbanneighborhoodsistogetthemout? CashisnowcallingforMemphistocreatearesidential.schoolfor300to400kidswhoseparentsareinfinancialdistress.Hisproposalisattheforefront(最前线)ofabroadernationaltrend.Publicboardingschoolsarehardlyanewconcept.Butpubliclyfinancingboardingschoolsforinnercitykidsisaverydifferentsuggestion. IfCash’sdreambecomesareality,itwillprobablylookalotlikeSEED(SchoolsforEducationalEvolutionandDevelopment),whose320studentsliveoncampusfivedaysaweek. Perhapstheprovocative(引起争论的)aspectofCash’sproposalistofocusonstudentsingrade3through5.Homelessnessisgrowingsharplyamongkidsatthatcriticalage,whenmuchoftheireducationalfoundationisset,Cashsays.Hisaim:topreventilliteracyandclearotherlearningroadblocksearly,sotheproblem“won’tmigrateintomiddleandhighschool.”Studentswillremainoncampusyear-round.“Itsoundsveryexciting,butthedevilisinthedetails”saysEllenBassuk,presidentoftheNationalCenteronFamilyHomelessnessinNewton,Mass.“What’sitliketoseparateathird-orfifth-graderfromtheirparents?” ItmayhelptoconsidertheexperienceofSEEDstudentMansurMuhammad,17.Whenhearrivedsevenyearsago,thefirstfewweeksweretough.ButMuhammadhasn’tlookedback.Hemaintainsa8.2GPAandreshelvesbooksintheschool’slibraryfor$160everycoupleofdays,whenhe’snotinhisroomlisteningtoraporclassicalmusicandwritingpoetry.Inspiredbyateacher,Muhammadisworkingonabook.“Itwasalongroadformetogethere,”hesays,“andIhavealongwaytogo.” WhatdidCashIntendtodowiththekidsinpoverty-strickenurbanneighborhoodsto“getthemout”?

SoonafterstartinghisjobassupervisoroftheMemphis,Tenn.,publicschools,KrinerCashorderedanassessmentofhisnewdistrict’s104,000students.Whatmostconcernedhimwasthatthenumberofstudentsconsidered“highlymobile,”meaningtheyhadmovedatleastonceduringtheschoolyear,hadballoonedto34,000.Atleastl,500studentswerehomeless—probablymore.Itledhimtothinkoveranunusualsuggestion:Whatifthebestwaytohelpkidsinpoverty-strickenurbanneighborhoodsistogetthemout? CashisnowcallingforMemphistocreatearesidential.schoolfor300to400kidswhoseparentsareinfinancialdistress.Hisproposalisattheforefront(最前线)ofabroadernationaltrend.Publicboardingschoolsarehardlyanewconcept.Butpubliclyfinancingboardingschoolsforinnercitykidsisaverydifferentsuggestion. IfCash’sdreambecomesareality,itwillprobablylookalotlikeSEED(SchoolsforEducationalEvolutionandDevelopment),whose320studentsliveoncampusfivedaysaweek. Perhapstheprovocative(引起争论的)aspectofCash’sproposalistofocusonstudentsingrade3through5.Homelessnessisgrowingsharplyamongkidsatthatcriticalage,whenmuchoftheireducationalfoundationisset,Cashsays.Hisaim:topreventilliteracyandclearotherlearningroadblocksearly,sotheproblem“won’tmigrateintomiddleandhighschool.”Studentswillremainoncampusyear-round.“Itsoundsveryexciting,butthedevilisinthedetails”saysEllenBassuk,presidentoftheNationalCenteronFamilyHomelessnessinNewton,Mass.“What’sitliketoseparateathird-orfifth-graderfromtheirparents?” ItmayhelptoconsidertheexperienceofSEEDstudentMansurMuhammad,17.Whenhearrivedsevenyearsago,thefirstfewweeksweretough.ButMuhammadhasn’tlookedback.Hemaintainsa8.2GPAandreshelvesbooksintheschool’slibraryfor$160everycoupleofdays,whenhe’snotinhisroomlisteningtoraporclassicalmusicandwritingpoetry.Inspiredbyateacher,Muhammadisworkingonabook.“Itwasalongroadformetogethere,”hesays,“andIhavealongwaytogo.” AccordingtoCash,Grades3through5________.

Passage32<br/><spanstyle="display:block;text-align:center;">IndependentInformationandAnalysisfromtheUSA</span>TheGapBetweenRichandPoorWidenedinU.S.CapitalWashingtonD.C.ranksfirstamongthe40citieswiththewidestgapbetweenthepoorandtherich,accordingtoarecentreportreleasedbytheD.C.FiscalPolicyInstituteonJuly22nd.Thetop20percentofhouseholdsinD.C.haveanaverageyearlyincomeof$186,830,31timesthatofthebottom20percent,whichearnsonly$6,126peryear.TheincomegapisalsobiginAtlantaandMiami,butthedifferenceisnotaspronounced.<br/>Thereportalsoindicatesthatthewideninggapoccurredmainlyduringthe1990s.Overthelastdecade,theaverageincomeofthetop20percentofhouseholdshasgrown36percent,whiletheaverageincomeofthebottom20percenthasonlyrisen3percent<br/>“Ibelievetheconcentrationofthemiddle-tohigh-incomefamiliesintheD.C.areawillcontinue,therefore,theincomegapbetweenrichandpoorwillbehardtobridge,”DavidGarrisontoldtheWashingtonObserver.GarrisonisaseniorresearcherwiththeBrookingsInstitution,specializinginthestudyofthesocialandeconomicpoliciesinthegreaterWashingtonD.C.area.<br/>ThereportattributedthepersistentincomegapinWashingtontothearea’sspecialjobopportunities,whichattracthigh-incomehouseholds.EspeciallysincethefederalgovernmentisbasedinWashingtonD.C.,Governmentagenciesandothergovernmentrelatedbusinessessuchaslobbyingfirmsandgovernmentcontractorsconstantlyofferhigh-payingjobs,whichcontributetothetrendofincreasinghigh-incomehouseholdsintheD.C.area.Forexample,asingleyoungprofessionalworkinginalawfirminD.C.canearnasmuchas$100,000inhisorherfirstyearoutoflawschool.“Inaddition,high-qualityhousingavailableinWashingtonD.C.isoneofthemainreasonswhyhigh-incomefamilieschoosetolivehere,whilemiddleandlow-incomefamilies,iftheycanaffordit,choosetomoveoutofWashingtonD.C.totheVirginiaandMarylandsuburbssothattheirkidscangotobetterschools,”statedGarrison.<br/>“AsrichfamiliescontinuetomoveintoD.C.andmiddleandlow-incomefamiliesaremovingout,thepoorestfamiliesareleftwithnowheretomove,orcannotaffordtomove.Thiscreatesthesituationwefacenow:ahugeincomegapbetweentherichandpoor.”<br/>TheWashingtonD.C.areatowhichGarrisonrefersistheDistrictofColumbiacityitself,notincludingthegreaterWashingtonmetroarea.“ThegreaterWashingtonmetroareahasalargepopulationofabout5million,butthelow-incomehouseholdsareoftenconcentratedinD.C.proper,”Garrisonexplained.<br/>TonyBlalock,thespokespersonforMayorAnthonyWilliams,saidresignedly,“NomatterwhatweseemtodotobringinvestmentintotheDistrict,acertainpopulationisnotabletoaccesstheuniqueemploymentopportunitiesthere.Thegapbetweentherichandpooristheproductofcomplexforces,andwon’tbefixedovernight.”<br/>GarrisonbelievesthattheD.C.governmentshouldattracthigh-incomefamilies.Bydoingso,theDistrict’staxbasecangrow,whichinturncanhelpimproveD.C.’sinfrastructure.“Butinthemeantime,theDistrictgovernmentshouldalsotakeintoconsiderationtherightsofthepoor,setupgoodschoolsforthem,andprovidesoundsocialwelfare.Allthesemeasurescanalleviatethediresituationcausedbyincomedisparity.“<br/>Garrison,however,isnotoptimisticaboutthepossibilityofclosingthegapbetweentherichandpoor.Heisparticularlydoubtfulthatcurrenteconomicprogresswillbeabletohelpoutthepoor.“Bush’stax-cutplandidbringaboutthiswaveofeconomicrecovery,andtheworkingprofessionalsandrichdidbenefitfromit.Itisunfairtosaythattheplandidnothelpthepooratall…itjustdidn’tbenefitthemasmuchasitdidtherich,”Garrisonsaid.“TheworkingclassinAmerica,thosewhodothesimplestwork,getpaidtheleast,anddutifullypaytheirtaxes,hasnotbenefitedfromBush’stax-cutplanmuch.”<br/>Garrisonconcludes,“AlotofcitiesinAmericadidnotenjoythepositiveimpactoftheeconomicrecovery.WashingtonD.C.,ontheotherhand,hasalwaysbeenshelteredbythefederalgovernment.ThewidegapbetweenrichandpoorintheDistrict,therefore,deservesmorein-depthstudyandexploration.”

ThelessonsofstatefailureTraditionaldiplomacydealswithrisksofconflictbetweennation-states.Theserisksareofcoursestillpresent,butamorepervasivedangeristhatstateswillsimplycollapse.OfadozenorsoconflictsinAfricainrecentyears,few,ifany,haveinvolvedcross-borderaggression.Instead,bankruptandimpoverishedstateshaveimploded,thevacuumfillednotbyregimeswithnewlyconsolidatedpowerbutbybrutalviolenceengulfingcivilians.Thedisasterthenfansouttoneighboringcountries,andeventuallymuchfartherafield.Aspecial"taskforceonstatefailure"setupbyAmerica’’sCIAhasfoundthatthreevariablesaremostpredictiveofstatestabilityorinstability:theopennessoftheeconomy;democracy;andinfantmortality.Insub-SaharanAfrica,wheremuchofthepopulationlivesontheedgeofsubsistence,povertyandsloweconomicgrowth,oroutrightdecline,increasedthelikelihoodoffuturestatecollapse,therebytrappingthecountriesinaviciouscircleofpovertyandpoliticalinstability.Richcountries,ontheotherhand,tendtomaintainpoliticalstabilitywhich,inturn,promotesfurthereconomicdevelopment.Whencountrieswereclassifiedin1990bytheirstatusintheUnitedNationsHumanDevelopmentIndex(anindexofincome,literacyandhealth),high-developmentcountriesachievedrobustandstableeconomicgrowthduring1990-98,withaveragegrowthratesofaround2.3%ayearandwith35outof36countriesenjoyingrisinglivingstandards.Middle-developmentcountriesachievedaslightlylowergrowthrate,1.9%ayear,but7outof34countriesexperiencedoutrightdeclinesinlivingstandards.Thepoorestcountriesaveragednoeconomicgrowthatall,with15outof39experiencingfallinglivingstandards.Theflip-sidetothepovertytrap,however,isthatthegainsofdevelopmenttendtobesustained,oncecountriesbreakthroughtosufficientlevelsofincome,healthandliteracy.ConservativesinAmericaoftenaskwhyitmattersifanimpoverishedcountrycollapses.Theansweristhat,asidefromhumanitarianconcerns,crisesinsuchfarawayplacesoftensucktheUnitedStatesintocrisisaswell.Since1960,AmericahasbeendraggedintomilitaryconflictsinCuba,Thailand,Laos,Congo,Vietnam,theDominicanRepublic,Cambodia,Cyprus,Lebanon,Zaire,ElSalvador,Libya,Lebanon,Honduras,Nicaragua,Chad,Liberia,Bosnia,Somaliaand,morerecently,KosovoandColombia.Statefailures,orevenmilderstateinstability,havealsounderminedAmericanandglobalintereststhroughgloballytransmittedfinancialcrises,drug-trafficking,money-laundering,terrorism,thespreadofdiseasessuchasAIDSandmassrefugeeflows.Onthepositiveside,sustainedeconomicdevelopmentwouldcreatenewandpotentiallylargegainsfromtrade,aswellasmuch-neededcooperationinscienceandculture.Evenwhenaproblemiscorrectlyidentified,thereisastunningdisconnectbetweenriskandactioninAmerica’’sforeigneconomicpolicy.TheglobalAIDSepidemic,forexample,hasrecentlyandwiselybeenidentifiedasarisktothesecurityoftheUnitedStates.WhatactionhasbeentakenPresidentGeorgeBushhascalleduponAmericanstogivejust$200million,or70centseach,tothenewglobalfundtofightthedisease.Thefailuretomakeevenbasicinvestmentsinforeignpolicyhasbeenpervasive,andtheexamplesarelegion.Elevenyearsago,thelastprimeministerofunifiedYugoslavia,AnteMarkovic,launchedalast-ditchplanforeconomicstabilization.HeappealedtoEuropeandtheUnitedStatesforareductionindebt-servicingandothermodestfinancialsupport,butwasturneddownbythecreditorgovernments.Economicstabilisationwasundermined,andthishelpedSlobodanMilosovictogettheupperhand.Therest,astheysay,ishistory.InthepasttwoyearsAmericaandEuropeancountrieshavemadethesamemistakeinNigeria,animpoverishedandunstablecountryemergingfromyearsofcorruptdespotism.AlthoughNigeria’’soilearnings,netofproductioncostsandincometoforeignoilcompanies,amounttoaroundonly$90perNigerianayear,theUnitedStatesandEuropecontinuetoprevaricateoverurgentlyneededdebt-reductionbecausetheoilearningsareeasytosqueezefordebt-servicepayments.ThenewdemocraticregimeofPresidentOlesegunObasanjoisputatrisk,andLibya’’sleader,MuammarQaddafi,doesnotmissachancetoinflamemattersinNigeria’’sIslamicnorthernstates.Areaafterareaofneglectcanbecatalogued,fromthestrife-tornAndestoregionsaroundtheworldunderminedbyclimatechange.Throughallofit,theUnitedStatesbarelyliftsafinger.ItsomehowthinksthatsendingtheimpoverishedandunstablegovernmentsdownPennsylvaniaAvenuetogetloansfromtheIMFandtheWorldBankwilldothejob,butevensomestaffofthoseorganisationsnowpubliclyacknowledgethattheyhavefailed:makingloanswhengrantsareneeded,imposingexcessiveausteritybycollectingratherthancancelingdebts,andfailingtofindpartner-institutionswiththescientificexpertisetotackleunderlyingproblemsofdisease,lowfoodproduction,climaticstressandenvironmentaldegradation.