Bioavailability is: A: Amount of drug that reach the systemic circulation B: Drug metabolized in liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation C: Drug metabolized in liver after the drug reaches the systemic circulation D: Maximum by rectal route

Flavonoids that are not absorbed in our small intestine can be metabolized by colonic microflora-aglycones and phenolic acids.（）

Poisons<br/>are primarily metabolized in which of the following organs () A: Liver B: Lung C: Kidney D: Pancreas

Alcohol<br/>is mainly metabolized in which of the following organs? () A: Liver B: Lung C: Kidney D: Pancreas

Having dialed their number all day only to hear a busy signal, she became ________ and called the operator for assistance. A: desensitized B: alleviated C: metabolized D: exasperated

Under normal conditions, the rates of glycolysis and of the citric acid cycle are integrated so that only as much glucose is metabolized to pyruvate as is needed to supply the citric acid cycle with its fuel, the acetyl groups of acetyl-CoA. Pyruvate, lactate, and acetyl-CoA are normally maintained at steady-state concentrations.

Nefazodone is prone to be oxidized and metabolized to produce toxic metabolites. Which of the following strategies are used by scientists to optimize its structure and reduce liver toxicity A: F atom closes metabolic sites B: Benzene ring replaced with pyrimidine ring C: Increase metabolic site steric hindrance D: Introduce metabolizing sites to change metabolic pathways

Bioavailability of drugs is A: established by FDA regulation at 100% for preparations for intramuscular injection B: 100% for oral preparations that are not metabolized in the liver C: calculated from the peak concentration of drug divided by the dose administered D: important because bioavailability determines what fraction of the administered dose reaches the systemic circulation E: equal to 1 (100%) only for drugs administered by any parenteral route