Predatory pricing assumes that a monopolist maximizes profit until entry occurs， and that after entry， the monopolist expands output aggressively and cuts price。（ ）

_________________ is to price products below fair market values as a competitive weapon to drive weaker competitors out of the market. A: Experience Curve Pricing B: Predatory Pricing C: Multipoint Pricing D: Strategic Pricing

Which of the following pricing strategies would likely be used in a market where no other competitive products are available ？（） A: cost-based pricing B: penetration pricing C: predatory pricing D: price skimming E: defensive pricing

What are the characteristics of a food chain? A: It is made up of 3 to 5 links. B: It begins with a green plant, belonging to the producer of ecosystem. C: Other links are usually predatory animals, belonging to the consumers of ecosystem D: The carrot, the corn and the trees are usually producers.

The product strategy in which companies first determine the price at which they can sell a new product and then design a product that can be produced at a low enough cost to provide an adequate profit margin is referred to as: A: a. full costing B: b. target costing C: c. predatory pricing D: d. discriminatory pricing

四级阅读练习 The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed. This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers, but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared. Instead, many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible, with no regard for the implications for society at large. When selfish publishers set up shops online, the primary goal is to publish as much as possible, often at the cost of quality. In this respect, many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping (重叠的) disciplines--- to increase the total number of published papers--- and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing. In some cases, online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals--- deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research. If publishers structure their business to make more revenue, it often does harm to their products. When publishers start journals with overlapping domains, in combination with the pressure to publish more studies, this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles. Moreover, publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviews. With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort, journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate. To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community, the pressure to publish must be reduced. Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications, but on the quality of those publications and a research’s long-term productivity and instructions. And that’s just the start. We need additional mechanisms, such as Beall’s list of predatory (掠夺的) publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles. In addition, the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.